THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY I9II 87 



constructional stone and consequently they have been quarried at a 

 great number of places to supply the local needs for building and 

 foundation work. Some of the stone is crushed for road metal and 

 concrete. 



The Medina sandstone is found along the southern shore of Lake 

 Ontario from the Niagara river east to Oswego county; in central 

 New York it is represented by a coarse conglomeratic phase called 

 the Oneida conglomerate. As developed in the western part of the 

 State where it is principally quarried, it is a hard fine-grained 

 sandstone of white, pink or variegated color. The pink variety is 

 specially quarried for building stone and has an excellent reputa- 

 tion. Many of the large cities of the county and most of the im- 

 portant towns and cities of the State contain examples of its archi- 

 tectural use. The large quarries are situated in Orleans county, 

 near Albion, Holley and Medina, along the line of the Erie canal, 

 but there are others at Lockport and Lewiston, in Niagara county 

 and at Brockport and Rochester in Monroe county. The Medina 

 sandstone also finds extensive application for curbing and flagging 

 and for paving blocks. It is employed more extensively for the 

 latter purpose than any other stone quarried in the State. 



The Shawangunk conglomerate is more widely known for its 

 use in millstones than for constructional purposes. It outcrops 

 along Shawangunk mountain in Ulster county and southwesterly 

 into New Jersey, with an outlier near Cornwall, Orange county. 

 The quarries near Otisville have supplied considerable quantities of 

 stone for abutments and rough masonry. 



The Clinton sandstone is mainly developed in central New York, 

 being absent from the Clinton belt in the western part of the State. 

 It forms ledges of considerable extent on the south side of the 

 Mohawk valley from Ilion to Utica and beyond. It consists of 

 reddish brown and gray sandstones, of medium texture and hard- 

 ness. The stone has been used for foundations and building in 

 Utica and other places in the vicinity. 



Of the Devonic formations which cover about one-third the 

 whole area of the State, the Hamilton, Portage, Chemung and 

 Catskill contain important sandstone members serviceable for 

 quarry operations. These sandstones are popularly known as blue- 

 stone, a name first applied in Ulster county where they are dis- 

 tinguished by a bluish gray color. They are for the most part fine- 

 grained, evenly bedded, bluish or gray sandstones, often showing 

 a pronounced tendency to split along planes parallel to the bedding 

 so as to yield smooth thin slabs. For that reason they are ex- 



