REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQII 23 



worm-free fruit was 93.57, individual trees varying from 83.84 

 to 97.09. There were 576 wormy apples, 281 being- end wormy 

 and 390 side wormy. The great relative increase in end wormy 

 apples is apparent at once and is easily explained by the one 

 application being so late that it was impossible thoroughly to 

 poison the floral organs and the calyx cavity. Even this treat- 

 ment was worth while if compared with the results on unsprayed 

 trees, since in this plot we have an average of over 93^2 per cent 

 of sound fruit as compared with a trifle over 85 per cent on the 

 check trees, a gain of 8 l / 2 per cent or of over 760 sound apples, 

 approximately a barrel and a half at a cost for spraying of 

 about ^2 cents. The treatment paid for itself, though the profit 

 was not nearly so great as in the case of the first application. 



The two check trees produced 5337 apples, one yielding 2370, 

 the other 2967. The average percentage of sound fruit was 

 85.06, while the number of wormy apples was ygy, 545 of these 

 being end wormy and 418 side wormy. A comparison of these 

 figures with those of plots 1, 2 and 3 show at once that the 

 major portion of the benefit from the early applications at least 

 is in the destruction of the codling moth caterpillars as they 

 attempt to enter the calyx end of the young fruit. These data 

 simply confirm the importance of making the first spraying at 

 the proper time and doing it most thoroughly, since it is the 

 early application which gives the most benefit. 



Series 2. The experiments in this series were conducted in 

 the orchard of Mr Edward YanAlstyne at Kinderhook, N. Y. 

 Plot 1, comprising greenings, was located on the southwestern 

 side of the road next the shed. Plot 2 was some rows farther 

 north and west on the same side of the road, plot 3 several 

 rows still farther north on the east side of the road, and plot 

 4, comprising only two trees, on the west side of the road and 

 near two check trees. The relative location of the trees in plot 

 4 and the checks was nearly the same as in Air Hart's orchard, 

 though owing to the uneven setting of fruit a symmetrical dis- 

 tribution was impossible. All of the trees except in plot 1 were 

 Baldwins. The conditions in plots 1 to 3 were fairly uniform, 

 these plots producing respectively, 20,802, 34,019, and 31,119 

 apples. The largest yields were therefore limited to the plots 

 receiving the most sprayings and, as a consequence, the test 

 for the single application was rather more severe. 



