60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Salt Co. later erected a plant at Ithaca which is now in operation, 

 obtaining its salt from three wells at a depth of about 2100 feet. 



The Solvay Process Co. derives its supply of brine from a num- 

 ber of wells located in the town of Tully, 20 miles south of Syra- 

 cuse. The brine is carried in pipe line to the works at Solvay. 



In Erie county rock salt has been found at Eden Valley, Spring- 

 ville, Perry and Gowanda, but there is no output at present in that 

 county. Among the localities where discoveries have been made 

 may be mentioned Vincent and Naples, Ontario county ; Dundee, 

 Yates county ; Seneca Falls, Seneca county ; and Aurora, Cayuga 

 county. None of these deposits are worked. A well put down in 

 1909 in the town of Burns, Allegany county, is reported to have 

 passed through 75 feet of clean unbroken salt at 3050 feet depth. 



SAND AND GRAVEL 



The production of sand and gravel for use in engineering and 

 building operations, metallurgy, glass manufacture, etc., is an im- 

 portant industry involving a very large number of individual 

 operations. The building sand business is specially extensive as 

 there are deposits suitable for that purpose in every section of the 

 State, and nearly every town or community has its local source of 

 supply. Such sand, of course, possesses little intrinsic value. The 

 deposits of glass sand and molding sands are more restricted in 

 their distribution and their exploitation is the basis of a fairly stable 

 industry ; certain molding sands are even shipped to distant points, 

 as in the case of those obtained in the Hudson river region. 



The sand and gravel beds of the State are mainly of glacial 

 origin, as the whole territory within the limits of New York, in 

 common with the northern section of the United States east of the 

 Rocky mountains, was invaded by the Pleistocene ice sheet which 

 removed all the loose material accumulated by previous weathering 

 and erosion, and left in its retreat a mantle of transported boulders, 

 gravels, sands and clays. In places these accumulations have the 

 character of unmodified drift or morainal accumulations in which 

 the materials are more or less intermixed, and are then of little in- 

 dustrial value. But more generally the deposits show a sorted 

 stratiform arrangement due to their having been worked over by 

 the glacial streams and lakes. Such is the condition in many of the 

 larger valleys like those of the Hudson, Champlain and Genesee 

 where the sands, gravels and clays occur separately in terraced 



