REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9II 87 



is purely a mechanical injury. Small trees in the vicinity of a 

 numerous colony can be easily protected by inclosing them with 

 a fine netting during this egg-laying period (plate 24). It is equally 

 obvious that some attention to the probabilities of injury in the 

 future would suggest refraining from planting young trees near 

 infested woodlands for at least several years prior to the ex- 

 pected appearance of the insect. Similarly, trees in the local- 

 ity where Cicadas were abundant might well be trimmed very 

 little or not at all for one or two years prior to the advent of the 

 insects, thus leaving a superabundance of wood and mitigating to 

 considerable extent the probable injury. 



Practical experience has shown that it is possible by system- 

 atic and persistent collecting to protect moderate sized trees 

 from serious injury. The adoption of such measures would be 

 justified only by some exceptional conditions. Their efficacy 

 depends largely upon the somewhat local habits of the insect. 



Spraying the issuing pupae with a contact insecticide, such as 

 a kerosene emulsion, whale oil soap solution or other material 

 will destroy immense numbers, and where the insects are excep- 

 tionally abundant and the trees valuable, may be profitable. 

 Mr H. D. Lewis of Annandale reports that spraying trees in- 

 fested by the insects, with a commercial lime-sulfur solution 

 diluted one part to forty appears to drive out the Cicadas. This 

 method might prove of value in the vicinity of woodlands and 

 assist in keeping the insects restricted largely to the wild 

 growth. It is possible that spraying with a lime-sulfur wash, 

 as mentioned above, or with a bordeaux mixture, may prove of 

 considerable service in preventing oviposition. 



Bibliography 

 Very many popular notices, accurate and otherwise, have ap- 

 peared in the press of the country during the past season. The 

 insect has also figured in many scientific accounts from time to 

 time. The following brief bibliography, in connection with the 

 citations the works contain, will enable the student to ascertain 

 the more important facts respecting this remarkable species. 



1897 Lintner, J. A. Injur, and Other Ins. N. Y., 12th Rep't p. 272-98. 



T905 Felt. E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8, 1 -.231-37. 



1907 Marlatt, C. L. U. S. Dep't Agric., Bur. Ent. Bui. 71, p. i-i8r. 



