REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9II 6j 



to expose the eggs by simply rupturing the bark on either side 

 with a needle and raising it. Prof. R. L. Webster of Ames, Iowa, 

 has found the eggs of this species in the bark of elm two or three 

 years old. He also found nymphs on maple trees though no 

 signs of oviposition. 



Life history. It is evident from the above that -the eggs 

 winter in the bark of various trees and shrubs, especially rose 

 and probably apple. April 17, 191 1 material taken at Nassau, 

 N. Y., contained a semitransparent, yellowish embryo with a 

 length about one-third that of the egg and showing an indistinct 

 segmentation. May 14th nymphs were numerous on the lower 

 leaves especially, their presence being indicated by the rather 

 characteristic white spots along the veins. The abundant 

 growth above the affected leaves obscures, in large measure, 

 the early signs of this insect. The injury becomes more marked 

 as the season advances. May 25th the nymphs were about 

 three-quarters grown, the first adults being observed June 3d. 

 Pairing and the deposition of eggs is stated to occur about the 

 middle of June. Owing to the fact that the insects were not 

 numerous later in the summer we did not follow the life history 

 of the species further. The abundant occurrence of this leaf 

 hopper upon apple leaves in October shows that there must be 

 more than one generation, possibly three under favorable 

 conditions. 



Remedial measures. The hibernation of the insect in the egg 

 stage and the consequent somewhat uniform hatching of the 

 eggs makes it comparatively easy to watch for the early indica- 

 tions of injury, namely, the series of characteristic white spots 

 along the midvein and in the vicinity of other veins, and then 

 spray with a contact insecticide, either a whale oil soap solution 

 or a kerosene emulsion. This application if thorough and made 

 to the under side of the leaves should destroy practically all of 

 the delicate, comparatively slow-moving nymphs and prevent 

 further injury during the season unless there be an invasion 

 from nearby plants. This early treatment will be much more 

 effective than anything that can be employed after the insects 

 have become adult and able to jump and fly readily. 



Bibliography 

 1862 Harris, T. W. Ins. Injur, to Veget. 3d. ed., p. 229 (Tettigonia). 

 1885 Lintner, J. A. 2d Rep't N. Y. State Ent., p. 31 (Tettigonia). 



1889 Weed, C. M. Ohio Agric. Exp't Sta. Bui. v. 2, no. 6, p. 155-56. 



1890 Lintner, J. A. 6th Rep't N. Y. State Ent., p. 166 (Tettigonia). 



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