LIVE STOCK breeders' ASSOCIATION. 165 



and satisfactory means of disposing of one's surplus stock, or for 

 closing out one's business, the public sale has come to be recognized 

 as being indispensable. 



How to conduct a successful public sale, when and where to hold 

 it, how to advertise, when to begin to condition the stock for sale, 

 just the kind of catalogue to issue and when it should be out, the 

 auctioneer to employ, how to entertain your customers sale day and 

 various other questions are each subjects which might be considered 

 at some length, but they are outside the legitimate limitation of our 

 subject. In conclusion I will say that, in my opinion, the inter-rela- 

 tion of the public sale and the pure bred stock business will, in the 

 future, grow stronger and become more potent for good alike to the 

 breeder, buyer and the public in q-eneral. 



IMMUNIZATION AS A MEANS OF CONTROLLING CON- 

 TAGIOUS DISEASES. 



(Dr. J. B. TifiFany, Agricultural College.) 



Mr. President and Members of the Live Stock Association : 



It is getting late and I did not expect to have to speak to you, but 

 as I am called upon I will condense my remarks as much as possible. 

 My subject is that of "Immunization as a Means of Controlling 

 Contagious Diseases." The Veterinary Department of this University 

 is in the habit of sending out a great many doses of blackleg vaccine 

 to the farmers, and the thing that has appealed to me most is that a 

 large number of these doses go out in small quantities, showing that 

 the farmers who are raising from five to fifty calves are sending for 

 this blackleg vaccine for the purpose of inoculation. That, seems to 

 me, points to the fact that the small farmer is beginning to use this- 

 biochemical product in his work, and in their letters they frequently 

 ask a great many questions as to the use of blackleg vaccine and oc- 

 casionally some of the reasons for its use and the methods of making 

 it. It occurred, therefore, to me that it would be interesting to you to 

 know something of the theory on which the subject is based and the 

 explanation of the dangers and limitations of the use of various vac- 

 cines. This talk will apply to other vaccines besides the one that I 

 have mentioned, all of which come under these principles. 



You know that when an animal passes through a dangerous in- 

 fectious disease it becomes immune, does not readily take that par- 

 ticular disease again, and is more or less resistant to the disease. 



