il'44 NKHKASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIKTY. 



SPRAYING CALENDAR. 



The following calendar tor making the different applications in spray- 

 ing apples is given in Nebraska Experiment Station bulletin 119: 



Tn ordinary years, it will be necessary to spray four or five times 

 during late spring and summer with one or another of these spray 

 materials. The kinds of spray used and the times of applying them 

 may 'be summarized as follows: 



Ist. After the cluster buds of the apples open but before the indi- 

 vidual flower buds expand — using Bordeaux mixture or lime-sulfur. No 

 poison. 



2d. Just after the petals have fallen but before the calyx cups have 

 closed — using either Bordeaux or lime-sulfur, plus the insect poison. 



3d. Three weeks after the petals have fallen— using the same ma- 

 terials as for the second spraying. 



4th. Seven weeks after the third spraying — using the insecticide 

 alone. 



The first spraying is chiefly for apple scab and of course for this 

 Bordeaux or lime-sulfur alone is sufficient. If the canker-worm should 

 be working on the foliage of the trees at the time of the first spraying, 

 which does occasionally happen, the poison should be added to the 

 fungicide. The first spraying is given just as the leaves are beginning 

 io develop. Because of the open condition of the trees at this time, the 

 spraying can thoroughly coat the twigs and expanding leaves with spray, 

 which should be done. 



The second spraying, given when the petals have fallen, is the mos*' 

 important of all applications. It Is always the most important spray- 

 ing for the codling moth, and in a good many years it is the chief one for 

 apple scab. This second application should also be the heaviest one 

 given. As the trees have a mass of foliage that must be thoroughly 

 covered, we shall find the spray dripping from the trees after the job 

 is completed. Under normal conditions the first flowers will be the ones 

 to set fruit. For that reason the second spraying may have to be given 

 before the petals have fallen from the late blossoms in order to fill the 

 closing calyx cups with the poison. However, a too early spraying is 

 undesirable, as it would kill many bees which are pollinating the blos- 

 soms. The reason for thoroughly filling the calyx cups is that a large 

 number of the codling moth larvae will enter the apple through the 

 calyx. In careful tests, it has been found that fully 75 to 80 per cent 

 of the larvae enter in that manner. Although the eggs of the moths are 

 not hatched until two or three weeks after the second spraying, if a 

 sufficient amount of spray has been placed in the calyces at this second 

 spraying, enough will be held there to destroy the larvae as they enter. 

 Strong Bordeaux at this spraying will be apt to "russet" the fruits. For 

 that reason, a weak solution, 2 lbs. of copper sulfate to 50 gallons of 

 water, is preferable, or, even better, one or the other of the lime-sulfur 

 sprays described elsewhere in this bulletin.* 



