DISCUSSION. 161 



Mr. Meek: I do not think that makes much difference. Professor 

 Emerson said he could not see any difference between them when they 

 were sprayed dormant and afterwards. 



Q. Do you think there is any advantage at all to the bark of the tree? 



A. It might kill some of the hibernating insects, or probably some 

 fungus disease. It would do some good no doubt, but whether enough 

 10 justify it I rather doubt. 



Mr. Williams: How about this, does it destroy the oyster-shell bark 

 louse? 



A. Yes, the concentrated lime-sulphur 1 to 9 — one gallon of concen- 

 trate to nine gallons of water. 



Mr. Williams: I have seen badly infested trees with the oyster-shell 

 bark louse in this state. 



Q. How do they affect the trees, how do you detect them? 



A. (Mr. Williams.) You can see it on the trees. It is a scale-like 

 insect, the shape of an oyster. 



Mr. Meek: How late in the season is it necessary to spray for 

 fungus, how late would it pay to use fungicides? 



A. For the first, second, and third sprayings it is necessary. It 

 would depend on the local conditions regarding later spraying. I do not 

 think it necessary to add the fungicide to the fourth spraying. If an 

 apple gets scabby, I think a scabby apple will be scabby always. 



Mr. Barnard (exhibiting a sample apple) : What would be the cause 

 of that, would it be frost? 



A. It might be frost. 



Q. Did you have cold weather in April and May at night? 



A. If I remember we had some rainy times about the second spray- 

 ing and before. It was cold and damp in May too. 



Mr. Kydd: We had apples that looked like that and they never saw 

 a spraying. We had it cold too. 



Mr. Meek: I have seen Ben Davis with a ring around the apple. It looked 

 like a band. When the fruit is about this size (indicating) it will leave 

 a band around it. 



Mr. Kydd: Do you claim that there is too much bluestone in that 

 Bordeaux? 



A. Yes, sir. 



Q. Why not put in more lime? 



A. We tried an excess of lime and we got it just the same. We used 

 4-4 mixture with three pounds arsenate of lead. 



Mr. Kydd: We put fifteen pounds of lime to the barrel in Bordeaux. 



Q. Does your fruit russet in wet weather? 



Mr. Kydd: This year we had it russeted because we had excessive 

 fold. It was a most exceptional season. 



Mr. Dickinson: I have used Bordeaux 6-6 and it did not russet. 



Mr. Kydd: You can not hurt by putting in lime. Put in as much lime 

 as you like; good whitewash is good, if you do not give it anything else. 



