166 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



I 



A. Yes, I would do it now; I believe it would be good to sow red 

 clover in the orchard occasionally. 



Q. For how long? 



A. For a year, I think, at a time, as the cleaner you keep the 

 orchard the less insects you have. We also believe in pruning, as the 

 apples grow larger and are better colored. You cannot grow wood at 

 the expense of the fruit. 



Mr. Williams: Do you head any of them? 



A. We will try a few this year. We sprayed our orchard last fall 

 after we gathered the apples. We do this to catch any insects that 

 might possibly be about. The trees are shining and bright and we 

 wish to keep them that way. It does not cost much and we do it to be 

 on the safe side. You remember the old saying, "A stitch in time 

 saves nine." 



Mr. Williams: What kind of spray material do you use for winter 

 spraying? 



A. Lime-sulphur. It has been suggested by some here that the 

 farmer mix his own lime-sulphur. We think that it can be bought to 

 better advantage from people who are in the business than for a 

 farmer to undertake to mix it. Life is too short. 



Mr. Williams: Do you get this from the Rex people? 



A. Yes, the past year. There are quite a number of good firms 

 who make lime-sulphur spray. We used last year the Grasselli arsenate 

 of lead. 



Q. Do you fertilize your orchard? 



A. None at all, as we understand it. 



Q. Do you sow your ground? 



A. This last season we let the natural growth come up in August; 

 the ground was well covered. 



Mr. Van Keyser: How many acres did it take to produce that 20,000 

 bushels of apples? 



A. Sixty-five acres. 



Q. Do you have any trouble from soil wash? 



A. Yes, it will wash during heavy rains if not taken care of. We 

 cultivate the ground well by disc and when that is done the ground 

 will take in any ordinary rain. 



Q. You do not manure? 



A. No, sir: If you did not have timber soil you would have to 

 manure; that is the reason we planted on timber soil. 



Mr. Van Keyser: How do you dispose of your windfalls? 



A. We have a vinegar factory in Falls City which uses all of our 

 cull apples in the manufacture of vinegar, 



O. How old is your orchard? 



A. Thirteen years old. 



Mr. Williams: You say you sow clover; how long do you let it grow? 



A. About a year; if busy, possibly two years. 



