DISCUSSION. 167 



Q. What do you do then? 



A. We cultivate again. 



Q. Do you just turn it in? 



A. Yes, disc it and not cut it. 



Q. That is fertilizing, isn't it? 



A. Yes, to a certain extent. 



Mr. Val Keyser: What sort of a plow do you use? 



A. We just disc it as stated before by a good farm disc and use 

 an extension disc to go under the trees. 



Mr. Pollard: Do you have orchard ladders? 



A. Yes, sir. We have the Bacon ladder of Appleton, New York. 



Q. Did you ever try Clark's cut-away disc? 



A. Yes, sir. 



Q. Where do you get this Johnson disc? 



A. In Omaha, from the Lininger Implement Co. 



Q. Do you believe in smudging? 



A. We never have. I believe if you make your orchard right, have 

 the trees healthy, the buds will grow strong and resist any ordinary 

 frost. 



Mr. Williams: How much is your orchard elevated above the 

 Missouri river? 



A. I do not know. I think about one hundred feet. The altitude In 

 our part of the country is about nine hundred feet; possibly a little 

 less. The altitude is not as high there as here. The matter that seems 

 to have a great influence in the raising of apples is being there your- 

 self, which means, as poor Richard said: "He that by the plow would 

 thrive himself must either hold or drive." "Handle your tools without 

 mittens." "A used key is always bright," — are some of the rules that 

 are good to follow in the growing of apples. 



Mr. HofMann: If I had twenty-five acres to plant to apples, what 

 kinds would you advise my planting? 



A. I would plant largely with Ben Davis. We find that the Ben 

 Davis bears very evenly and well. In the spring when all others are 

 gone they come up smiling. 



Q. You planted mostly Ben Davis? 



A. Yes, sir. 



Q. What other varieties would you plant? 



A. I would plant Weathly in a commercial orchard, enough to grow 

 two or three car-loads, say two hundred trees. I would also plant 

 about two hundred trees of Yellow Transparent. Our experience is 

 that they do well. A man east of us had five acres and says he 

 received $2,000 for the apples. 



Q. What is the matter with Jonathans? 



A. They are all right, but they do not keep so well; they are 

 hard to handle and are consequently more trouble to the grower. 



Mr. Williams: They last as long as the Wealthy, don't they? 



