io8 



Bulletin 243. 



for this purpose. The rows were 30 inches apart. No late sowing was 

 made, as the resuUs of the two previous years showed that early sowing 

 was the better. 



The seeds of the beet type were sown at a depth of one-half inch, the 

 turnips and cabbages about one-fourth inch, while the carrots and pars- 

 nips were sown as near the 

 surface as possible. As soon 

 as the plants began to come 

 through, a hand cultivator was 

 run close to the rows in order 

 to break up the crust that had 

 formed on the soil, which if 

 left undisturbed would have 

 prevented many plants from 

 coming up, thus reducing the 

 stand. After a second culti- 

 vation by hand, a one-horse 

 cultivator was used at inter- 

 vals of about 10 days until the 

 plants nearly met in the row, 

 thus preventing further culti- 

 vation. 



The turnips and hybrid 

 turnips, with the exception of 

 Garton Pioneer, were har- 

 vested in August, the remain- 

 der during the month of Oc- 

 tober. The yields of those which were harvested early were greatly 

 reduced by soft-rot (Bacillus carotovorous). 



Samples consisting of 10 average specimens (5 in the case of cab- 

 bages) were taken at the time of harvest and the dry matter determined 

 by Dr. James A. Bizzell. 



The following table gives the normal and monthly temperatures and 

 rainfall at Ithaca, N. Y., during the period from May to October, 1906, 

 inclusive : 



Fig. 30. — Garton Pioneer hybrid turnip. A 

 very good yielder. It produces too much neck 

 however. It keeps well and is not readily 

 attacked by soft-rot. 



May 



June 



July 



August . . . 

 September 

 October . . 



Temperature. 



Normal. 



57. 

 66. 



70 . 2 

 67.8 

 61.5 

 50.0 



1906. 



56.1 

 67 .0 



69.4 

 71.0 

 64.4 

 50.0 



Rainfall. 



Normal. 



1906. 



71 

 .06 



94 



53 

 83 

 30 



