130 



Bulletin 244. 



II — Descriptions of Different Kinds of Roots and Methods 

 OF Growing Them. (pp. 130-163.) 



I — mangels. 



Before proceeding to describe the different varieties of mangels, it 

 is essential that the terms relating to their form and color be defined. 

 Knauer, the eminent breeder of sugar-beets, devised a more elaborate 

 classification, for which see " Sugar-beet Seed," L. S. Ware, 1898. 



Fig. 41. — Cowhorn turnips, to illustrate distinct shape. Not a very good yielder, 

 subject to dividing roots and also to soft rot. 



Five shapes are recognized — the long, half-long, ovoid, tankard, 

 globe; and a sixth shape, the cowhorn, is still grown in Europe. The 

 color of the skin may be white, pink, red, orange or yellow, golden, 

 purple or black. 



The long-shaped varieties are at least three or four times as long as 

 they are broad at their greatest diameter, and frequently taper to the 

 crown and tip of the root. Red is the most common color, although 



