Varieties of Roots. 159 



28 tons per acre from five plats sown May 11 and at the rate of 15 tons 

 per acre from the plats sown June 12. 



Yield of rutabagas: 



The average yield per acre for the years 1904-5, from 14 plats and 

 with eight varieties sown May 11, was at the rate of 21 tons, while those 

 sown June 12 yielded at the rate of 12 tons. 



Harvesting and storing turnips: 



Common turnips are pulled as soon as they are large enough and are 

 often used as fall feed for sheep, pigs, young stock or steers and in some 

 cases for cows. Hybrid turnips are then consumed, although some of 

 these may be stored. Carton Pioneer being a good variety for this pur- 

 pose. Rutabagas are usually stored after mangels, but before serious 

 frost occurs. They may be stored in root cellars or in pits, the former 

 being the more convenient. The roots should not be frozen in storage 

 and the cellar should be ventilated to ensure good keeping. 



Uses of turnips: 



The roots may be fed whole to pigs, and in some parts are used with 

 bran or a little grain as the main food for wintering brood sows. For 

 sheep, the roots may be fed whole or cut in finger pieces, sliced or pulped. 

 It sometimes takes time for sheep to become accustomed to eating them. 

 For cattle of any kind, it is safer to cut the roots as choking frequently 

 occurs from bolting large-sized pieces. 



Improvement of turnips: 



This subject has thus far received little attention. There is some 

 European literature on the subject and thus far all attempts at improve- 

 ment have been merely the selection of roots by external characteristics. 

 That a rational basis will soon be generally adopted is unquestioned and 

 that improvement of the dry matter content will be made is to be expected. 



3. Kohlrabi. 



Kohlrabi (Brassica caulorapa) has been developed for its thickened 

 stem, instead of for its leaves. Although not a root in the botanical 

 sense, kohlrabi may be discussed with root-crops when stock-feeding 

 questions are under consideration. It can be grown wherever rutabagas 

 are grown, and will thrive if treated as described for the latter crop. In 

 the middle west where rutabagas have a tendency to run to necks and 



