i6o Bulletin 244. 



form little root, this crop is a very good substitute. So far as now known, 

 in New York the yields of the two crops are about the same, but both 

 yielded less than mangels on the Experiment Station grounds. In addi- 

 tion to being quite a free growing crop it has the following advantages 

 over rutabagas : 



1. It is not so subject to clubroot or finger-and-toe {Plasmidiophora 

 brassicce), and some other diseases. 



2. It withstands drought better. 



3. It can be grown on heavier soil, as clays, and does admirably on 

 muck land. 



4. It stands well out of the ground, and can be readily pastured by 

 sheep, if desired. 



5. It has not been known to cause taint of milk when fed to dairy 

 cows. 



6. It is rather better than the rutabaga in withstanding frost. 



7. It may be grown where the climate is too warm for the best 

 development of the rutabaga. 



8. The leaves are as valuable as the stem. 



Its disadvantages are: 



The seed is more expensive than that of the rutabagas, due largely 

 to the very small demand that exists for it; and as a consequence some 

 of the seed sold is old and worthless. 



Among well-known varieties are the White and Purple Vienna, Figs. 

 53-54, Short-Top White, Goliath, Carter Model. 



4. Carrots. 



Like the mangel and turnip, this root is made up of thickened stem 

 and root, the proportions of which vary in different varieties. Different 

 varieties also vary in the amount of the root which is above ground. 



A section of carrot shows a well defined outer layer, which may be 

 of a red or scarlet color in red varieties, and an inner layer or core fre- 

 quently of a different color generally, yellow or dull white. The propor- 

 tion existing between these two layers is variable. The outer layer is 

 esteemed to be of higher feeding value than the pith; hence in selection 

 the aim should be to take those containing the smallest percentage of core. 



Soils for carrots: 



Carrots require a deep, well pulverized, sandy loam, free from weeds. 

 The stump-rooted or half-long types should be grown on the shallow 



