170 Bulletin 245. 



wants fuller information, should consult bulletins of this and other sta- 

 tions on the special subjects. 



SPRAY INJURY. 



Spraying with Bordeaux mixture made after the most approved 

 manner, is sometimes followed by injury to the foliage. This shows 

 itself by yellow and brown spots on the foliage. In severe cases, the 

 leaves fall and retard or prevent the ripening of the fruit. This injury 

 is most pronounced during rainy seasons. It appears to be worse in some 

 orchards than others. When injury occurs with more or less regularity, 

 though the Bordeaux mixture has been prepared with due care, the 

 orchardist is advised to use it with an arsenical poison before the leaf buds 

 burst only, but with great thoroughness. He is advised to use an arsenite 

 alone soon after the blossoms fall and again at the usual time for the third 

 spraying. Arsenate of lead, arsenite of lime or soda, or Paris green, 

 may be used for these later applications. In following this method, the 

 grower depends upon the first application to restrain the fungi, and the 

 later sprayings to suppress the insect pests. These suggestions are only 

 for those who, after the most careful trial, experience spray injury which, 

 however, is rarely so severe as to do more harm than the spray does 

 good. 



Spray Calendar. 



Scab. (i. Copper sulfate solution before buds break); 2. 

 Apple. Bordeaux mixture when leaf buds are open, but before flower 



buds expand; 3. repeat 2 as soon as blossoms have fallen; 

 4. Bordeaux mixture 10 to 14 days after the third; (5, 6, repeat 4 at intervals 

 of about two weeks). Pink rot. As for scab. (See Bulletin 206.) See Bulletin 

 84 and 226. Blight Canker. Keep body and main branches free from suckers. 

 Cut out badly diseased bark in summer and fall and dress with corrosive sublimate, 



1 part in 1000 parts water, then use paint or thick Bordeaux; when sprayinji; 

 for scab, spray trunk and branches. S^e Bulletin 236. Canker-worm. When 

 first caterpillars appear apply Paris green, arsenite of lime or arsenate of lead very 

 thoroughly; 2. repeat i after 4 to 10 days; (3, 4, repeat every 10 days if necessary). 

 See Bulletin loi. Bud-moth. i. As soon as leaf tips appear in buds, Paris green 

 or other arsenical spray; 2. repeat i before the blossom buds open; (3. repeat 



2 when blossoms have fallen). See Bulletin 107. Codling-moth. i. Arsenical 

 spray immediately after blossoms have fallen; 2. repeat i, 7 to 10 days later. Use 

 burlap bands on trunks, killing all insects under them every ten days from July 

 ist to August 15th, and once later before winter. Arsenicals may be added to the 

 Bordeaux mixture and the two applied together with excellent effect. See Bulletin 

 142. Case-bearers. As for Btid-moth. See Bulletins 93 and 124. Apple-maggot. 

 Keep windfalls picked up and destroyed or fed out. New York Apple Canker, i. 

 Remove dead limbs. 2. Spray thoroughly, soaking diseased parts, Bordeaux. 

 See N. Y. Sta. Bulls. 163 and 185. San Jose scale. Summer treatment kerosene 

 emulsion containing 20 per cent kerosene. Winter treatment : lime and sulfur wash. 

 Twig Blight. I. Cut out all diseased parts. See under pear. 



