Teachers' Leaflet. 467 



upper two petals which converge toward the opening to the nectary. 

 Note the color of the calyx, which is somewhat the same color as the 

 flower usually, instead of being green like the calyx of most flowers. 



Form. — First note that the upper three lobes of the calyx are grown 

 together into a long tube. Let the pupils see, by taste if necessary, that 

 in the end of this tube is nectar. Note the difference in shape in the 

 bases between the upper two petals and the lower three ; notice the fringe 

 on the lower three. Note that the stamens and the little, three-parted 

 style are directly in the path of the insect that would get the nectar 

 from the tip of the long tube. Invite a discussion as to what insects have 

 tongues long enough to reach the end of this nectar tube ; only the moths 

 and butterflies that have long tongues, which they usually carry coiled 

 up in a spiral, could reach this nectar. But the children will see the 

 bees working on the nasturtium ; the bees could not reach the end of this 

 nectar storehouse, but there is also nectar developed near the base of the 

 lower petals, and the bees feed upon the pollen also. 



LESSON XXXL 



THE FRUIT. 



In a withering flower get the pupil to see exactly where the seed 

 is being developed. What is the shape of the pod and the number of 

 seeds within it? Note that swinging on the top of a long, bending stem 

 as it ripens, the hold of the seed pod becomes very slight, and it finally 

 breaks oflf and drops to the ground. 



LESSON XXXII. 



THE LEAF. 



Purpose. — To make the child familiar with this kind of leaf and 

 observe how the nasturtium climbs. 



iWafcn'o/.-— Nasturtium leaves with petioles. 



Observations. — The form of the leaf and the way the veins exttend 

 up to the edges like the spokes of a wheel ; that the hub of this wheel is 

 not at the center, but always at one side, and is the place of attachment 

 of the petiole. What is the difference in color between the upper and 

 the lower sides of the leaf? This plant climbs by the aid of its leaf 

 stems ; these sometimes simply lap over the support holding the plant in 

 place, but sometimes the petiole will wind around a support two or three . 

 times. Nasturtium leaves may be found with curious markings upbu;;' 

 them. These are made by the little caterpillar of a moth ; the caterpillar 



