Teachers' Leaflet. 583 



The males and females may be distinguished easily from the fact 

 that the mother butterfly has her front wings ornamented with a black 

 tip and two black spots upon each; while the father butterfly has the 

 front wings black tipped and with only one spot near the middle of each 

 wing; both have black spots near the front margins of the hind wings. 

 The only species of butterfly which is likely to be confused with this is 

 the yellow roadside butterfly, and it would be well to have one of these 

 butterflies in the room to compare with the cabbage species. Note that 

 the roadside butterfly is almost always bright sulphur yellow and has a 

 black border to both front and hind wings ; this black border distinguishes 

 the species at a glance. 



If the butterflies be kept at large in the room or in a cage, the children 

 should observe a few things about them. Note the eyes and knobbed 

 antennae ; note on what portion of the body the six legs are fastened, and 

 especially note the coiled tubular tongue. If flowers with nectar are 

 introduced into the room, the pupils may see the butterflies uncoil this 

 long tongue in search of sweets. If there is a compound microscope 

 available, it will afford the children the greatest amount of pleasure to 

 look at a bit of a butterfly's wing under a three-fourths objective. This 

 will show the coverings of the wings to be scales lapped like the shingles 

 on a roof. See " How to Know the Butterflies," p. 16. 



LESSON CLIL 



THE EGGS. 



Purpose. — To reveal to the pupils the beauty of foim and of color 

 of a butterfly egg. 



This is a study that must always be made with a compound micro- 

 scope, but it will repay the trouble. To get the eggs a mother butterfly 

 should be placed in a cage with a bit of cabbage leaf and she will in all 

 probability soon deposit her eggs. The egg to the naked eye looks like 

 the tiniest speck of yellow; it is jug-shaped and is usually laid on the 

 under surface of the leaf; it is yellow and has about a dozen lengthwise 

 ribs, which in turn are cut across by depressions. See " How to Know 

 the Butterflies," plate 3. 



LESSON CLIII. 



THE CATERPILLAR. 



Purpose. — A study of the caterpillar and its habits. 



Material. — A cabbage butterfly caterpillar is perhaps one of the 

 very best for study in the schoolroom. All that is needed for its food 

 is a cabbage plant or a cabbage leaf, which should be replaced as often 

 as it becomes wilted. The caterpillars may be found in almost any 



