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Differentiation. — When the guards or primary petals are longer, 

 larger, and quite distinct from the petaloids which result from 

 doubling, we say the flower is " differentiated." If it is difficult 

 to determine where the petaloids stop and the guards begin, we 

 say the .bloom is " not differentiated." 



Staniinodes are those petaloids which have resulted from the 

 transformation of stamens. They are usually much smaller and 

 narrower on the outside, and gradually widen and enlarge inward. 

 They may be uniform or decidedly irregular, erect or reflexed. 



Carpelodes are those petaloids which have resulted from the 

 transformation of carpels. They may usually be recognized by 

 being much larger and more showy, but fewer in number than the 

 staminodes. 



Petaloids. — This is simply a general term combining both stami- 

 nodes and carpelodes. 



Secondary Staminodes and Carpelodes. — It often happens that 

 the peony in doubling will produce a sort of two-storied flower. 

 We find within the carpelodes another set of secondary stamens or 

 staminodes, and within these again secondary carpels or carpelodes. 

 In a few cases we find the peony doubling with apparently no 

 system, where all these different parts are jumbled up together ; 

 but such cases are rare, and usually little difficulty will be found 

 in recognizing the primary and secondary parts. 



Carpels. — In simple, single flowers the carpels are the divisions 

 of the ovary which bear the seed. When ripe they may be called 

 follicles. In some species they are strongly apprest, in others 

 curved back and away from each other. This is hardly a varietal 

 characteristic, and is not considered of value in separating varieties 

 of P. albiHora. The color of these carpels, however, so far as the 

 writer's observations go, is constant. It may be green, red, pink 

 or white. The state of pubescence is also important, for these 

 carpels may be smooth and glistening, or they may be covered with 

 a dense tomentum, or in some cases with a few scattering hairs. 

 This is also an important character. 



In semi-double flowers the presence of the carpels is not a good 

 character for description, for it is very evident that their presence 

 depends largely on the amount of manure the plant has received. 

 In semi-double flowers, it is very common for weak, or young 

 plants, or buds on the sides of the stem to produce flowers with 

 normal carpels; while very vigorous and well-fed plants of the 

 very same variety produce flowers in which these seed vessels have 



