$24 JioME Nature-Study Course. 



below the season's twigs are blackish-brown in the walnut, the leaf-scars not quite' 

 so large and knobby as those of the butternut, which are also lighter in color than 

 the walnut. The butternut twig is a light, greenish-brown and both it and the 

 young, brown branchlet below it, are distinctly marked with yellow specks of len- 

 ticels. The black walnut twig is soft, deep brown, its lenticels so nearly of the 

 same color that they are hardly noticeable; when cut transversely the twigs of both 

 walnut and butternut show a soft brown pith in the center, that of the butternut 

 being the darker, though the wood is lighter in color than the walnut. 



The winter buds of the walnut are ovate or rounded, deep brown, softly furry 

 and with few scales; those of the butternut are oblong, conical, somewhat flattened, 

 lighter brown and woollier ; also they are, generally speaking, larger than those of 

 the black walnut ; the scales are few. In both species the buds seem to be crowded, 

 often two or three together and apparently sitting on each other, the uppermost 

 being the largest; they grow at the tips of the season's twigs and just above the 

 scars from which the leaves fell in the past autumn. 



The leaf-scars in both species are triangular in outline with the points rounded, 

 and in each corner is a dot or bundle-scar, showing where the strong, inner fibres 

 of the leaf-stalk were attached. Across the front border of the butternut leaf-scar 

 is fringe of fine hairs which is lacking in the walnut. 



THE SUN. 



Most people go through Hfe noticing Httle and caring less about the 

 most wonderful things that happen in this world simply because they 

 happen often ; and the sun by shining every day cheapens its miracles 

 in the eyes of the careless. While it hardly comes within the province 

 of the nature-study teacher to give her pupils all the known facts about the 

 sun, yet she can interest them in making many observations and thinking 

 about their meaning; she can stimulate in the mind of the pupils a desire 

 to know more of this great luminous center of our universe. 



Lesson XLIV. 



THE SUN. 



Purpose. — To make the pupils observe and think about certain rela- 

 tions between the sun and our earth. 



Method. — This lesson should be given in the upper grades and com- 

 bined with arithmetic, reading and thinking. 



Observations. — (i). What does the sun do for us? 



(2). At what time of the day after the sun rises do we get the least 

 heat from it? At what hour of the day do we get the most heat from it? 



