199 



History. — ^Introduced in 18S3 as First in Market by D. Landreth & Sons. 



Description. — Plant dwarf, 10 to 12 inches high, long runner-like fruit 

 stems, very spreading, loose, vigorous, hardy, moderately early, moderately 

 productive. Branches green. Leaflets medium in size, slightly crumpled, 

 smooth, glossy dark green. Flowers white. Pods large, 6^ to 7 inches 

 long, stout, very flat, straight or slightly curved, occasionally twisted, long 

 curved point, depressed between beans, six to seven-seeded, dark green, 

 string^-, tough, rather coarse-grained, of poor quality, unattractive. Dry 

 seeds (1.45 x .85 x .5 cm.) broadly oblong, occasionally subreniform, rounded 

 ends, oval in cross section, ivory-white. 



Comparison. — Very little known and rarely planted. It may be of value 

 for green-shell purposes, but is too tough and unattractive for use as snaps. 

 More like Emperor William than any other. It makes a smaller growth, is 

 less straggly and less vigorous. The pods are somewhat shorter, narrower, 

 rougher, lighter in color and with a longer point. It is less resistant, less 

 productive, and of less value generally. Plate IV, fig. d2. 



Early Refugee 



Synonyms.— Extra Early Refugee, Hasting's Excelsior Refugee, New 

 Early May Queen, Excelsior, Early One Thousand-to-One, Improved One 

 Thousand-to-OnCj Page's Extra Early. 



Confusing names.' — Refugee, Golden or Silver Refugee, Large or Galega 

 Refugee, Refugee Wax, and Stringless Refugee Wax are all different types 

 from Early Refugee. 



History. — • Said to have been developed by a market gardener in the 

 vicinity of New York by the selection of early plants from Refugee. In- 

 troduced in 1888 by J. M. Thorburn & Co. Now listed by at least 120 

 seedsmen. 



Description. — Plant strictly dwarf, 8 to 12 inches high, very erect, very 

 compact, stocky, vigorous, hardy, early, very productive. Branches wholly 

 green. Leaflets medium in size, very narrow, long-pointed, slightly crumpled, 

 rough, light green. Flowers pink. Pods small to medium, 4V2 to 5 inches 

 long, uniform, moderately stout, round, slightly crease backed, gracefully 

 curved, sharp clean-cut point, of medium length, five to six-seeded, light 

 green, slightly stringy, fleshy, brittle, fine-grained, of fair quality, attractive. 

 Green-shell pods sparingly splashed with light purple. Dry seeds (1.35 x 

 .6 x .65 cm.) oblong, ends abruptly rounded, subcircular in cross section, 

 slightly thicker than broad, irregularly marked with fawn and very dark 

 brown or black, the latter with a bluish tinge. 



Comparison. — This variety is distinguished from all others by its low, 

 dense, well-rounded habit of growth. The pods are almost identical with 

 Red Valentine; if any difference it is in being slightly longer, less crease- 

 backed, and with a more curved point. This is one of the most popular 

 early green-podded varieties. It is a good shipper and extensively used for 

 canning. Plate I, fig. C4. 



Emerson Pea 



Synonym.— Chilian. 



Comparison. — A little-known field variety. Very similar to Navy Pea, 

 differing in being about 10 days later, decidedly more vigorous, lighter in 

 color of foliage and with slightly longer and more slender pods. The pods 

 average i bean more to tlie pod and the seeds (.85 x .6 x .5 cm.) are 

 smaller and more elongated. An exceedingly productive late sort. Plate V, 



fig. 02. 



Emperor William 



Synonyms. — Dwarf Case Knife, Dwarf Dutch Case Knifi', Dwnrf Sciniilar, 

 Sabre, Emperor William Forcing, First in Market. 



History. — This is the dwarf form of Case Knife Pole, which has been 

 in cultivation in this country for at least a hundred years. The dwarf form 

 has possibly been in cultivation for at least 50 years. 



