304 Bulletin 262. 



XII. Principal Enemies of the Apple in 1905, 1906 and 1907 



1 



San Jose Scale (Aspidiotus pernictosus) 



Codling moth {C'lrpocapsa potnonella) 



Apple scab on leaves ( Venturia inaequalis) ... 



Apple scab on fruit (Venturia inaequalis) 



Black aphis on foliage (Aphis pomi) 



Cigar case bearer (Coleophora jletcherella) .... 

 Oyster shell bark louse iMytilaspis porno- 



rum) , 



Tussock moth {Orgyia leucostigma) 



Fall web worm ( Hyphantria cunea) , 



Cankerworm {Paleacrita vernata) , 



Collar rot 



Canker {Sphaeropsis tnalorum) 



Leaf blight {,Bacillus amylovorus) 



Number Orchards. 



Slight. 



34 

 82 

 207 

 40 

 13 

 19 



17 

 17 

 Si 

 12 



42 

 61 

 10 



Con- 

 sider- 

 able. 



27 

 266 

 104 

 28 

 20 

 23 



44 

 38 

 SS 

 14 

 61 



63 

 9 



Se- 

 rious. 



59 

 72 

 20 

 12 



7 

 20 



19 



3 

 4 

 4 

 37 

 4 



Number Acres. 



Se- 

 rious. 



628 

 648 

 i6s4 



99* 



10 

 194 



243i 



39 

 34 

 19 

 350 

 54 



An additional list of enemies of lesser importance, and not especially 

 troublesome except in unsprayed orchards, is here appended : woolly 

 aphis, tent caterpillar, red spider, leaf roller, leaf miner, plum scale 

 (Lecanium sp.), bud moth, leaf hopper, curculio, borer, cottony scale, 

 bHster mite. 



SPRAYING 



Methods of spraying. — About four-fifths of the orchards are generally 

 sprayed. Nineteen per cent were seldom or never sprayed, while 6.8;^ 

 which were annually sprayed in the past were not sprayed in 1905. 

 Approximately the same percentages hold with respect to acres. If one 

 were to exclude the scale-infested area, a different showing would be 

 made; for of those who do spray, more applications of some kind are 

 given since an extra one is added for scale. But on the other hand, a 

 number of otherwise good orchards are given up to the scale. 



The records show that ten dififerent kinds or combinations of spray 

 mixtures have been used. Experimental solutions for the scale have 

 increased this number by one-half. Several of these have been tried, 

 however, in only a few orchards. Paris green and Bordeaux mixture 

 ranks first, and second to this are prepared mixtures. Paris green 

 has seldom been used alone. 



