Teacher's Leafle;t. ^53 



is irregular, mostly six-lobed, with stamens numerous, but in the Butternut the 

 little, scaly, inverted cup is flattened and oblong and the anthers are brown; that 

 of the Walnut has rounded lobes and the anthers are purple. The pollen is very 

 abtmdant and is carried by the wind. 



The pistillate flowers grow from the axils of the shoots of the present season, 

 singly or in clusters of several on a common stem; in both species the pistillate 

 calyx is four-lobed, with four tiny petals at the sinuses and with two large, feathery, 

 widely diverging stigmas; in the Black Walnut these stigmas are reddish green, 

 in the Butternut rosy-red. The ovary or seed-vessel oddly takes the shape of the 

 fruit it will grow to be, the baby walnut or butternut being plainly distinguishable. 



The flower which will grow to be a butternut has a calyx which is riot only hairy, 

 but sticky, as is the stem to which it is attached and the young twig from which 

 it grows. This stickiness is characteristic of the butternut until it attains full 

 size and begins to ripen ; but the green walnut is round and smooth with a pungent 

 fragrance which clings to the fingers that have held it. One could readily tell 

 the young fruit apart with eyes closed. 



Lesson LVIl. 



THE leaves. 



Observations by pupils: 



(i). Do the leaves of the walnuts grow opposite or alternately on the 

 twigs ? 



(2). Which tree has, in general, the larger leaves with the larger 

 number of leaflets ? 



(3). Are the leaflets similar in shape? 



(4). Is there any difference in the way the leaflets are attached to 

 the mid-rib? 



(5). Is the coloring of the leaves the same? 



(6). Is there any difference in the thickness or texture of the leaves? 

 Test them by rubbing them between the finger and thumb. 



(7). Are the leaves of either tree rough or hairy or sticky to the touch 

 when young? 



(8). Have the green leaves any odor when bruised? 



Fads for the teacher. — The leaves of both Walnut and Butternut grow alter- 

 nately on the twigs and are odd-pinnate; those of the butternut vary from nine 

 to seventeen in number and are yellowish-green; those of the Walnut are darker 

 in color and larger, varying from thirteen to twenty-three leaflets, the odd one at 

 the tip being often wanting. 



Butternut leaflets are, in general, not so long and tapering as those of the Walnut 

 and are more nearly sessile, the mid-rib having a tiny swelling at the point of attach- 

 ment. The leaf -stalks of both species are swollen at the base but those of the 

 Butternut are the larger. The young Butternut twig and leaf is hairy and very 

 sticky to the touch; young shoots of the Walnut are soft and velvety but not at 

 all sticky, and they are very fragrant when bruised. 



