Substitutes for Skimmed Milk in Raising Calves. 499 



farmers who wish to raise calves and have little or no skimmed milk 

 to feed. Cocoa shells are a by-product in the manufacture of cocoa 

 and were purchased by Dean in Toronto for three cents per pound. 

 The gain made by the calves fed on the cocoa shell milk, hay, grain, 

 etc., compared very favorably with that made by the calves fed on 

 skimmed milk, hay, and grain. 



These three trials seem to constitute all the important work on this 

 subject reported in experiment station literature. Other experiments 

 have been reported, but they were made in connection with other work 

 and the results were not satisfactory enough to warrant noting them 

 in this connection. 



I. experiment at CORNELL STATION, I907-8 



Three lots of calves, designated as A, B and C, were fed, respectively, 

 skimmed milk, Schumacher Calf Meal, and Lactina Suisse. At the 

 time the experiment was begun, several calves, one to two months 

 old, that had been fed skimmed milk, were available, and although no 

 record of the food had been kept, it seemed best to continue them as 

 Lot A since the number of calves available for the experiment was limited. 

 These calves undoubtedly had some advantages over the younger calves 

 in Lots B and C. The calves in Lot B, with one exception, were also on 

 hand but were younger than those of Lot A at the time of beginning 

 the experiment, and none had had any skimmed milk although some 

 had been fed Schumacher Calf Meal for a sufficient time to become 

 accustomed to it. Table X gives the average age of the calves in each 

 lot at the beginning of the experiment, Nov. 12, 1907. The calves of 

 Lot A were on an average 523^ days old at the beginning of the experi- 

 ment, those in Lot B 19J/ days old, while the calves in Lot C were fed 

 from birth according to the directions for feeding Lactina Suisse. In 

 order to show the results at more nearly the same age, Table III has 

 been prepared, showing the gains of Lot A for approximately the first 

 120 days after birth. This table shows that the calves of Lot A made an 

 average daily gain of 1.62 pounds for the first 120 days after birth, 

 which is a little less than the average gain of 1. 76 pounds per day during 

 the 120 days of the experiment. 



Taljle I shows the age, breed, sex, weight at birth and summary of 

 results with each calf in the experiment. In this table, in the second 

 column " H " stands for Holstein, " J " for Jersey, " S " for Shorthorn 

 and "A" for Ayrshire, the breed being designated by the first letter of 

 its name. The letter " G," placed before the letter designating the breed, 



