MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 57 



point and on the lake side of the first sand dunes, except where the lake is 

 cutting away the latter, there are extensive areas covered with coarse grasses, 

 wild pea, a low beach heather, scattered junipers, and in places scrubby 

 oaks. 



Over the greater part of the point, the vegetation of the ridges may be 

 described as jack pine, associated with small red oak, poplar, white birch, a 

 few Norway and white pine, scarlet maple and mountain ash, and with a 

 ground cover of ferns, wintergreen, dwarf blueberry, arbutus, club moss, 

 and huckleberry. Toward the base of the point, the jack pine forest is 

 replaced on the higher ridges by a deciduous forest dominated by the yel- 

 low birch and white pine, and on the lower (not swampy) ground by a bal- 

 sam and spruce forest. 



The characteristic birds in these habitats are apparently as follows: 



Non-wooded areas, near the end of the point (natural or due to burnings and 

 clearings), Killdeer, Goldfinch, Nighthawk. 



Jack jyine forest, Ruffed Grouse, Canada Spruce Partridge, Sharp-shinned 

 Hawk, Downy Woodpecker, Arctic three-toed Woodpecker, Flicker, Night- 

 hawk, Hummingbird, Vesper Sparrow, Chipping Sparrow, Junco, Song Spar- 

 row, Cedar Bird, Myrtle Warbler, Magnolia Warbler, Black-throated Green 

 Warbler, Brown Creeper, Red-breasted Nuthatch, Chickadee. 



Birch-pine forest, Ruffed Grouse, Black-billed Cuckoo, Flicker, Red- 

 eyed Vireo, Black-throated Green Warbler, Redstart, Olive-backed Thrush, 

 Bluebird. 



Pine forest. — Large areas of pine forest exist along the north side of the 

 Shelldrake River from its mouth to Shelldrake Lake. This forest is made 

 up of Norway and white pines and is mostly free from undergrowth, except 

 for the low bush blueberry which is found almost everywhere in it. 



The birds noted in this habitat were as follows: Pine Warbler, Blue- 

 headed Vireo, Oven-bird, Hermit Thrush, Hairy Woodpecker, Downy 

 Woodpecker, Red-headed Woodpecker, Flicker, Red-breasted Nuthatch, 

 Chickadee, American Crossbill, White- winged Crossbill, Nighthawk, Robin, 

 Nashville Warbler, White-throated Sparrow, Brown Creeper, Chipping 

 Sparrow, Least Flycatcher, Junco and Black-throated Green Warbler. 



Low ground. — -The vegetation of the low ground, like that of the ridges, 

 is different on the older and younger parts of the point. At the end of the 

 point, the hollows too wet for the jack pine are filled with willows, alder, 

 etc. Farther south, there are tamarack and cedar swamps, and grass and 

 sedge marshes, the latter surrounded by a gro-wiih of poplar, birch and alder, 

 which also surrounds the lakes and ponds. The dryer swales on the older 

 part of the point have a balsam-spruce forest. 



The birds that frequent these habitats may be classified as follows : 



Alder and willow thickets, Marsh Hawk, Downy Woodpecker, Kingbird, 

 Flicker, Red-winged Blackbird, Song Sparrow, Swamp Sparrow, Northern 

 Yellow-throat, Alder Flycatcher. 



Grass and sedge swamps, Marsh Hawk, Vesper Sparrow, Song Sparrow, 

 Savannah Sparrow, Short-billed Marsh Wren, Bobolink, Northern Yellow- 

 throat. 



Tamarack and cedar bogs, Winter Wren, Olive-sided Fly-catcher, Northern 

 Yellow-throat, Redstart, Black-throated Green Warbler, Nashville Warbler, 

 Blackburnian Warbler, Winter Wren, Canada Spruce Partridge. 



Balsayn-spruce forest, Ruffed Grouse, Western Horned Owl, White- 

 throated Sparrow, Canada Jay, Black and White Warbler, Magnolia Warbler, 



