THE BOTANY OF THE BUSH FRUITS. 251 



partially asceudiug, with straight reflexed prickles. The leaflets are 

 larger than in the wild type, with large and simple teeth. The flower- 

 stems are long and straight, glandular in the wild type. The buds 

 before opening usually bear a noticeable tip, formed by the ends of 

 the sepals clasping around it. The flowers are large and overtop the 

 leaves. The fruit is globular oblong and of good size. This is found 

 wild at Ithaca, N. Y., and probably elsewhere. It is represented in 

 cultivation by the Bartel, General Grant, and Never Fail varieties. 



Ruhus trivioMs Michx. — Southern Dewberry. — This species has 

 round, shrubby, trailing stems, beset with strongly recurved or reflexed 

 prickles and glandular tipped hairs and bristles. The leaves are ever- 

 green, leathery, and smooth, with numerous stout recurved or reflexed 

 prickles on the veins and petioles as well as on the flower-stems. The 

 fruit is oblong, black, and good. It is found wild in sandy soil from 

 Virginia to Florida, and west to Texas and Missouri. This, as will 

 be seen from its distribution, is the common dewberry of the south, 

 and is represented in cultivation by the Manatee and Wilson's White. 



Rubus vitifoHus Cham. & Schlecht. — Pacific Coast Dewberry. 

 — This has round woody stems, usually weak and trailing, but some- 

 times upright. The fruiting branches are numerous, armed with slen- 

 der prickles, the smaller parts of the plant often being densely covered 

 with them. The fruit is oblong, black. The species is common in 

 the coast ranges of California and Oregon, the valley of the Willa- 

 mette, also in Idaho. It is an exceedingly variable species, as shown 

 by the fact that different forms of it were described on succeeding 

 pages by the same authors as different species. Some plants bear per- 

 fect flowers, some pistillate flowers, with abortive stamens, and others 

 staminate flowers with abortive pistils. Some are wholly trailing, 

 while others have strong, nearly upright stems. The staminate forms 

 are said to be the stouter as a rule, while the pistillate forms have nar- 

 rower, more sharply serrate, thinner and smoother leaves with smaller 

 flowers. The Skagit Chief and Belle of Washington dewberries be- 

 long to this species. 



Rubus laciniatus Willd. — Cut-leaved Blackberry. — This has 

 round trailing stems, armed with strong recurved prickles. The 

 leaves are much parted and divided, giving rise to the name "Cut- 

 leaved or Parsley-leaved." They are persistent and evergreen in mild 

 climates or when protected. Fruit resembling a common blackberry. 

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