THE BOTANY OF THE BUSH FRUITS. 245 



era plains, where satisfactory ornamentals are at a premium. Further 

 trials may develop some weaknesses not yet shown, but it seems to 

 thrive well in the hot dry summers for which this region is noted. 

 Its habit of growth is pleasing, forming free and graceful clumps, its 

 foliage bright and attractive, and furthermore it presents quite desira- 

 ble autumn tints, a thing much lacking in this particular region. 



*** Leaves made up of three to five leaflets. 



Hubus idceus Linn. — European Raspberry. — This is so similar to 

 our own common red raspberry that it is difficult to distinguish them 

 by strictly botanical characters, especially in the variable forms found 

 under cultivation. It differs quite distinctly from the American spe- 

 cies in its horticultural characters, however. It is less hardy, poorly 

 adapted to our climate, and continues in bearing during a longer period. 

 Wild forms appear to be less glandular and the calyx is more v/oolly 

 than in the American raspberry. In its native state it is widely dis- 

 tributed throughout Europe and western Asia. 



This is the parent of all the older garden varieties imported from 

 Europe which ushered in the great raspberry industry of the United 

 States. Its history in this connection is an interesting one, being not 

 unlike that of many other European fruits. Over 100 varieties of 

 this species are known to have been introduced in this country, but 

 none of them have taken kindly to our climate and few of them are 

 now known. The quality of their fruit is considered superior to that 

 of varieties belonging to the American species, and they are occasionally 

 grown in a small way by amateurs. It is to this class that the Fal- 

 staff, Foutenay, Red and White Antwerp, Brinckle's Orange, and 

 others belonof. 



»• 



Bicbus strigosus Michx. — Wild Red Raspberry. — This is the 

 common red raspberry of the United States. Its stems are a little 

 more slender than those of Ruhus idceus, usually brown or reddish- 

 brown in color and beset with stiff", straight prickles. The flower and 

 leaf-stalks and calyx are covered with glandular tipped hairs in the 

 wild type, though these largely disappear in the cultivated forms. 

 The leaves of the bearing canes have three leaflets, and those of the 

 young canes mostly five. The fruit ripens quite unevenly, but not 

 through as long a period as that of the European varieties. It is 

 found growing wild from North Carolina to New Mexico and far 



