Repo7't of Missouri Farmers' Week. 



571 



In orchards that are infested with San Jose scale, lime-sulphur 

 should, of course, be used in preference to Bordeaux mixture, as 

 the application required to control the leaf curl will also control the 

 scale. In fact, orchards known to be infested with San Jose scale 

 will need no special treatment for leaf curl if the spraying for 

 scale is deferred until shortly before the time the buds burst. 



CODLING MOTH. 



Codling moth is the most common pest that infests the apple 

 orchards of the middle west. There is probably no orchard that is 

 free from it, and there is no other insect or disease that causes so 

 great a loss annually to the apple crop as does this one. Unsprayed 



orchards will usually run 

 from forty to seventy-five 

 per cent wormy fruit in 

 practically any section of 

 Missouri, while sprayed 

 orchards should run. ninety 

 per cent or better of worm- 

 free fruit, provided the ap- 

 plications have been made 

 at the right time and the 

 work well done. The moths 

 appear in the spring about 

 blooming time or a little 

 later and deposit their 

 eggs on the foliage near the fruit cluster. After a num- 

 ber of days the e^g hatches and the young worm begins 

 its search for the fruit. When the worm becomes full grown, 

 after having entered the apple, it leaves the fruit and forms a 

 silken cocoon under the scales of bark on the trees or wherever else 

 it may find a suitable shelter and then in a few days it changes to 

 a pupa. It spends about the same length of time in this condition 

 that it spends in the apple and from the pupa the adult moth of 

 the next brood emerges. The total time required for the insect to 

 pass through the entire life cycle from moth to moth ranges from 

 forty-five to fifty days. There are two broods a year, besides 

 generally a partial third, and sometimes a full third brood in Mis- 

 souri, particularly the southern part. The worms of the last brood 

 go over the winter in cocoons in sheltered places beneath the bark 



stages of codling moth ; a, adult ; b, egg ; c. 

 larva ; d, pupa ; e, pupa and cocoon ; f, moth 

 and empty pupa case. (From Simpson.) 



