202 MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 



Stable to be served as practicable. It may be placed at one side, at one 

 end, at one corner, or even on the outside, just as chimneys are some- 

 times, but this should always be avoided if possible. Whenever the 

 length of the ventilator must be unusually short, or it must be placed 

 in an unfavorable position for strong draft, then it should be made enough 

 larger to make good the other defects. Galvanized iron^ makes the 

 best flue ; but double-tongued-and-groove lumber with an acid and 

 water-proof paper between may be used, but the lumber should be well 

 seasoned and unusual care should be exercised by the carpenter in 

 making tight joints everywhere. 



The top of the ventilator should be provided with a storm shield. 

 This may be in the form of a simple roof ; or it may take the form of 

 some revolving cowl which reinforces the draft as well as forms a 

 shield. When the simple roof is used care should be taken to place 

 it high enough above the end of the shaft, so that there is left an abund- 

 ant outlet across which the wind may at all times have a free sweep. The 

 old and long used hop-house cowl is an effective form. 



At the lower end the ventilating shaft should reach to or near the 

 floor and should be provided with its main inlet for taking up the foul 

 air at the bottom, and the size of this inlet should be nearly equal to 

 the cross-section of the shaft itself. The ventilating shaft should be also 

 provided with an intake just below the ceiling and this should be pro- 

 vided with a door or lid so that it may be partly or completely closed at 

 will. The object of the inlet at the ceiling is to make provision for the 

 escape of the warmest air at the ceiling at times when the stable may 

 be too warm, or at times when there is but little wind movement out- 

 side and the drafts may need to be reinforced by the addition of the 

 warmest air of the stable. 



INTAKES FOR FRESH AIR FROM OUTSIDE. 



It is important, in securing adequate ventilation, that provision be 

 made for the same volume of air to enter the stable as leaves it. In- 

 deed such ]>rovision is imperative. Just as it is important that the walls 

 of the ventilating shaft should be tight, admitting no air except at 

 desired points, so is it important that the walls and ceilings of the stables 

 shall be tight, excluding all air except at points where definite pro- 

 vision is made for its entrance. In order that the heat of the animals 

 may be utilized to the best advantage in keeping the stable warm, and 

 because the air is used at the level or near the level of the floor, and 

 further because the waste products of respiration are breathed by the 

 animals to the floor, while the coldest air of the stable is also there, we 

 draw the air out of the stable at the level of the floor. But the body of 



