116 BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XIX, 



to designate the groups of organisms that seemed to partake the characters 

 of both animals and plaiits. After the middle of the sixteenth century there 

 were numerous controversies among the contemporary naturalists on the 

 question whether the group Zoophyte belonged to the animal or the vege- 

 table kingdom. Yet all the time, the Coralline were allowed to remain 

 in that arbitrary group, until Tournefort, Peyssonel, Bernard de Jussieu, 

 etc., pointed out the essential difference between the vegetable Corallinae 

 and the animal Zoophytes. Their views, however, were considered to be 

 of minor importance and the leading naturalists of the latter part of the 

 eighteenth century still continued to place them among the animal 

 kingdom. 



It would be unnecessary to treat the early history of the Zoophytes in 

 fuller detail, since an excellent account of it stands in the introductory 

 pages of Lamouroux's " Polypier Coralligene flexibles." 



It seems that in the beginning of the nineteenth century the Zoophytes 

 were generally installed in the animal kingdom, instead of assigning for 

 them a place intermediate between the two kingdoms. Cuvier classified 

 them among the " animaux rayonnauts," and Lamarck among the " animal 

 apathique." Lamouroux entertained no doubt in regarding them as animals, 

 pointed out the impropriety of calling them Zoophytes and proposed the 

 name " polypier coralligene rlexibles." His classification of the group is 

 practically based upon that of Cuvier. But an advance was made in putting 

 the algal members together in a subgroup sharply defined from the others 

 which consisted of animal members. In his celebrated work, titled " His- 

 toire des Polypiers Coralligenes rlexibles, vulgarement nomines Zoophyte," 

 which appeared in 1816, Lamouroux proposed the separation of two new 

 genera, Jania and Amphiroa, from the genus Corallina L. The essential 

 ground for separating them lay in the mode of the ramification and the 

 forms of articuli. The original synopsis runs as follows : 



5 j,i nia —Polyp, inuscoide, capillace, dichutome ; ovaives numbreiiux. 

 Ooiiillina — 1'. comprimi!, tiicbotome. 

 .impkirou — 1'. :i rameaux epara, dicuotouie, trichotome au vertiuuli's ; articuli 

 sepurttei. 

 ,, , i 

 Utihlln,,!', — 

 ( 't/TflOpOlitt — 



Not long after the appearence of Lamouroux's above mentioned work 

 many naturalists began to regard Corallime as a group of algte, acknow- 

 ledging their close relationship to the " Nullipores." In the early papers 

 of C. Agardh, Bory, Greville, Harvey and many other eminent algologists, 



]) Histoire. p.p. XI-XLIV. 



