Oct. 1908.] HAYAT A, B.— FLORA MONTANA FORMOSjE. 147 



Oreopanax formosana Hay., Dawnacanthus angustifolius Hay., 

 Leontopodium microphyllum Hay., Pyrola morrisonicola Hay., 

 Helicia formosana Hemsl., Chamsecyparis formosensis Matsum., 

 Cunninghamia Konishii Hay., Taiwania cryptomerioides Hay., 

 Pinus formosana Hay. and Brachy podium Kawakamii Hay. 



After giving the remarks as to the characters of the 

 elements, the author has here devoted a chapter to the discussion 

 of the floristic relationship between Formosa and neighbouring 

 countries. He has given a table showing the numbers of the 

 elements of the countries under comparison, and their ratios 

 to the whole number. As shown in that table, the island has 

 the strongest affinity to central and southern China and 

 Japan ; next, to the Himala^'as ; then, to the Malaj^ peninsula 

 and archipelago, and to North China ; and lastly, to North 

 America. As to central and southern China and Japan, says 

 the writer, the comparative strength of their floristic relation- 

 ship to Formosa is not to be measured by the number of 

 elements only ; the character of the elements must also be 

 taken into account. So far as the number of the elements is 

 concerned, it appears that the most striking affinity obtains 

 between the island and central and southern China. It is 

 not so, however, he proceeds to say, when we compare those 

 elements which give the flora its peculiar features. The author 

 has laid stress very much upon the comparison of this class of 

 elements, which plays so important a part in the stud}^ of 

 phj^togeography. 



As shown by the author, the species the distribution of 

 which is limited to Formosa and Japan are far more numerous 

 than those confined to Formosa and China. We have also 

 observed that the number of the genera, wdiich are found in 

 the islands and nowhere else, is double that of such kinds in 

 Formosa and China. When we consider, as he says, these 

 species of peculiar character, we are forced to think that 

 the flora of Formosa has a striking affinity to that of Japan. 

 And it is even more so, when the genera, Trochodendron, 

 Fatsia, Conandron, and Metanarthes'mm, are taken into account. 

 Thus, the writer came to the conclusion that the montane flora 



