^^ PAPAVERACE^. 



r 



vegetable colours. If we examine opium by the microscope we cannot 

 at once detect the presence of narcotine, but if first moistened with 

 gOcenn, numerous large crystals may generally be found after the 

 lapse ot some days. If the opium has been previously exhausted with 

 oenzoi or ether, m order to remove the narcotine, no such crystals will 

 statT"" ^^ follows that narcotine pre-exists in an amorphous 



n„ ,"^^ <iecoinposition with sulphuric acid, narcotine yields Cotarmne, 

 of the laUer ^^S^^^er ^Yith Opianic Acid, emd certain derivatives 



Roblnl f"^'' if! -^ ?^ ^"""^^^^^ ^^^e, Codeine, was made in 1832 by 

 a Ik. no /V ^«oly?s ia 17 parts of boiling water, forming a highly 



tlar Ld 1 t°%''^^^'^ P^^-f^^tly saturates" acids/ and exhibits in 

 ordWvt^ a levogyre power. Codeine is also readily soluble at 



Th/o TP"'^^?'"' '" ^ P^^"^« ^"^ylic alcohol, and in 11 of benzol, 

 atoms L 5-66 ^^^^^^^ /^ ^^ J^^T large crystals containing J 



alkaloid TT>«^ ^^W^"^^- f . water. By crystallization from ether the 



SbceTs^n^nn^'^^f ^ ''''^^^ anhydrous crystals, 

 seen n the foil n''"' f \kaloids have been found in opium, as may be 



A ^xivl-!ri ''''\^^^^!' ^^^^^^ "^«1^^^« all the 17 now known.^ 

 prepared of w^.' i'"'"' ""^ derivatives of several among them have been 

 conStiou Jf^he J' Sr* 7\^'r. '^ --1^- ^ype^ The molecular 



Y' ^"^^ wiiij tuei 



able connections. 



ghly settled, 

 unmistake- 



l>a,-teC frr ^pitn'^ f'^^'^^™?^ '^ poppy-heads (p. 42) can 

 cryptopine. opium. In some points it appears to resemble 



but the latter onlv dkti"' -^ '''""^ ^^ that of ferric sulphocyanate; 

 parts of boilina water t? 7^^ '" ?^^^^- Meconic acid is soluble in i 

 ing solution instead of'denLv"""'^'^*'^^ ^^^^^ o«" C0^ and the remain- 

 fcid, yields on coolincr n;, f i""* ^^icaceous crystalline scales of nieconic 

 liard granular crv-stal^nfT ^^^^ ^l^er boiling with hydrochloric acid) 



^ tic A t ■ I r ^^^'^^^i^c Acid C'H^' 



produced in \hel Waohff ^^^ ^- ^^^ H. Smith in the opium-liquors 

 ?8 a peculiar bodv «n.i IT "",, n^orphine. These chemists regarded i 



Extll 



and also by , 

 .constituent 



ity 



These chemists regarc 

 holactic Acid, exhiun^"^"-' 

 is at the London Intei- 

 ith ordinary lactic acw 

 Jnts have not been pub- 

 Smith consider it to be a 



:;;; -'"^^^^^ountof about ^^ no ^.' ^^""y obtained it as a calcr 

 *^f ^^ a pure .tate to the e;Ln?'^^' """"^ ^^^^' prepared it in this f 

 not an onginal constih'.. '^A^"^ °f .over 100 Ib^ In our opinion i 



■lU 





our opinion it ^^ 



pecul 



eaae^J! ^''^^y* ^"^l found (1S75) it to consist ol 



"Pecimea of f>,T„ ""PHr^ 



'Berlchte d. DeuLscL Cheni. GeselUch. 

 «M £er;e«, iu. (igTO) 182. 



