OPIUM. 



59 



NATURAL ALKALOIDS OF OPIUM 

 and a few of their Artificial Derivatives. 



DISCOVERED BY 



Wbhlor, 1844 .. 



Hewe, 1S71 



Mattlues&en and ) 

 Wright, 1860 ..) 



Wright, 1871 .. 

 Sertiirner, 1816 



Pelletier and Thi-) 

 boumery, 1835 . . f 



Malthiessen and ) 

 Burnside, 1871 .. | 



Wright, 1873 . . 

 Huhiquet, 1832 



Cotar:s ine 



Formed by oxidizing narcotine; soluble in water. 



■ < 



..1. HYDROCOTARNINE .. 



Crystallizable, alkaline, volatile at 100^ 



Apomorphixb 

 From morphine, by hydrocliloric acid. Colourless, 

 amorphous, turning green by exposure to air; 

 emetic. 



■ • 



• ■ 



DESOXYMORnilSE 



i « 



2, MORPHINE .. 



Crystallizable, alkaline, levogyrc. 



.. 3. PSEUDOMORPHINE .. 

 Crystallizes with H20 ; docs not unite even 

 acetic acid. 



» fl 



with 



« « 



Apocodeine 



From codeine by chloride of zinc; amorphous, emetic. 



Desoxycodeine 



Matthiessen and ) 



Foster, 1808 ..J 



Thiboum^iy, 1835 . . 



Hesse, 1870 

 Hesse, 1870 



• • 



* V 



4, CODEINE .. 



Crystallizable, alkallnCj soluble in water. 



NORNARCOTINE 



5, THEBAINE .. 



Crystallizable, alkaline, isomeric with buxine, 



• 4 



,1871 



« ■ 



Matthiessen and ) 

 Foster, 18ti8 , . j" 

 Hesae, 1871 .. 



Hesse, 1870 . . 



Hesse, 1878 



Thebexixe 



Thebaicixe .. .. _ 



From thcbaine or thebenine by hydrochloric acid. 



a PROTOPINE .. 



Crystallizable, alkaline. 



Methylnorn'arcotine 



Not yet isolated. 



Deuteropinb 



• « 



• • 





« * 



* # 



^ferck, 1848 . . 



t m 



Hesse. 1S65 



,18€5 



Annstrong, isri 

 ^«»e, 1870 



« ■ 



7. LAUDANINE 



An alkaloid which, as well as its salts, forms lar^^e 

 crystals ; turns orange by hydrochloric acid. 



8. CODAMINE 



Crystallizable, alkaline ; can be sublimed; becomes 

 green by nitric acid. 



9. PAPAVERINE 



Crystallizable, also its hj'drochlorate; sulphate in 

 sulphuric acid precipitated by water.- 



10. RHCEADINE 



Crystallizable, not distinctly alkaline; can be sub- 

 limed ; occurs also in Papaver Bh<xas, 



RiKEAGENiXE . . . . . . 



From rhceadine ; crystallizable, alkaline. 



* t 



« 4 



DlMKTilYLNORNARCOTINE 



* « 



« « 



'^- * H. Smith, 1864 



*^«^, 1871 



I>erosn 



a 



e. 1803.. 

 1870 



■ * 



■ ■ 



* * 



Pelletier 



, 1«32 



• • 



^- ^ H. Smith 



I 1878 . . 



11. MECONIDINE 

 Amorphous, alkaline, melts at 68% not stable, the 

 salts also easily altered. 



-• .. 12. CRYPTOPINE 



Crystallizable, alkaline ; salts tend to gelatinize ; hy- 

 drochlorate crystallizes in tufts. 



•• .. 13. LAUDANOSINE 



Crystallizable, alkaline. 



■• .. ..14. NARCOTINE .. 



Crystallizable, not alkaline; salts not stable. 



■• .. 15. LANTHOPINE 



Microscopic crystals not alkaline, sparingly soluble 

 in hot or cold spirit of wine, ether or benzol. 



■• ^ .. .. 16. NARCEINE 



Crystallizable (as a hydrate', readily soluble in boil- 

 ing water or in alkalis, levogyre. 



* * 



> « 



17. GNOSCOPINE 



Kstallizable, melts at 233*, soluble in chloroform 

 and bisulphide of carbon, slightly so in benzol, 

 not in ether. Ilic salts have an acid reaction. 



C 



12 



12 



17 



17 

 17 



17 



18 



IS 

 18 



19 

 19 



li) 



19 



20 



20 

 20 



20 



20 



21 



21 



21 



21 

 21 



21 



21 



22 



23 



23 



34 



" 



H 

 13 



15 



17 



19 

 19 



19 



19 



21 

 21 



17 



2J 



21 

 21 



19 



19 



. 21 



25 



25 



21 



21 



21 





21 

 23 



23 



27 



23 



25 



29 



36 



N 





O 



3 



3 



2 



S 



2 

 3 



* 



3 



3 



7 

 6 



4 





6 



6 



i 

 4 





4 



7 



4 



9 



11 



