^^ PAPAVERACE^. , 



]vil?l.^^'®^i?^^' l^-?' ^^^l^^c^ observed in opium a peculiar substance 

 nrenaL^'^n . f V°' ^^^^ properties which was afterwards (1832) 

 piepaied m a state of purity by Couerbe. It has been called Opianyl 



5h rH= n7w nl^T^f ''?^'- I^ ^^« the composition C^"H"0^ = 

 tlf^^^^^^^^^^y- ^^^°^in forms prism, which fuse under 



water at 7 

 20 parts of 



y-rj^Tr,'- ^ ' ^'^«^omn lorms prisms which tuse under 

 a L.or per se at 110°,and distil at 155°; it dissolves in about 

 01 boiling water, from which it may be readily crystallized. 

 may be formed by heating narcotine with nitric acid 



iias been discovered in 



'H^"0' = C«H-. (0H)l(CH7, 



H. Smith. Meconoiosin is 



heated wi h Lui /w ,^^ "^^^ ^^*e^' ^^d melts at 88° C. When 

 has realhed '^.^H^.^^^^^^ ^^^P^^^ric acid, and when the evaporation 



-eonit^Vofarn irfb^^^^^ ^ ^-P ^^^ ^"^ 



in the Wd°n" ^Lr^''''^''^''. e^^^tituents-The substances described 

 as it is on thp;?.r ^^ T"''* ^"^ ^P^"^^ i'l very variable proportion; and 



of the drua denendTr'-^'^^ ''^'''^^^y '^'^^ '^ rnorphml, that the value 



Opium whSw' *^^.^°^Portance of exact estimation is evident, 

 tions has to hl+l '^''^'^'^ ^?^ analysis or for pharmaceutical prepara- 

 ^ater it conta^nf f.^'' exclusively in the dry state. The amount of 

 ■fixed standard hv I ^^ ^»f ertain that the drug must be reduced to a 

 weight is taken. "^P^^^^ desiccation at 100° C, before any given 



opmm!Tnd"'^W '.^vm'^' ^"J^ analysed a large number of samples of 

 obtained from a sLSf T^ "^^'f ^^ «^^^ research are not disputed, 

 per cent, of mor^h^nl .^-""^ ^P^"ni produced near Amiens, 2288 

 centage has nS t7ourVr,'^1^\^^^^? ^^"^°^ ^P^^it of wine. This pei- 

 specimen produced in ,^°'^^^®*i§e been ever exceeded. From anotlier 

 a third 2067. The W ! ""'"'^ "^^^^^^^^ he got 21-23 per cent., frow 

 —in each case reckonpri 1 P^^'^entage from a French opium was 14-96, 

 . Chevallier extracted Z ""^^ -'^^^ Previously dried. ^ 

 m the centre of France 1 7?^ "^''''^ ^^^^^ ^7 Aubergier at Clermont 

 a French opium obtain^rl ^V.^'' ''^'^^- «^ morphine. Decharmes froi" 

 opmm 20 per cent On; P^"" ^^°*^-' ^^^ ^iltz from a German 



Vienna Exhibition of 1 ^7-^ ^ P^^^^^ced in Wtirtemberg sent to the 



P^^e ; and opium from sfe f t'''' ^^ *^ ^^ P^^ ^^'^^^ °^ ^''' 



^ A pure American ^^- . ^ ^ 1^ per cent^ 



Procter 10-75 per cent 0?!'"^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ State of Vermont yielded 



/he opium of Asia C? ^°^ ^""^ ^ P^^ cent of narcotine.* 

 portions of morphine as tW nf ^^'''''^'^' ^^^Y nearly the same Vf 

 Gmbourt is 2^6 per cent if ''T' The maximum recorded by 

 Cow 1-^' "^^^^ ySd of 8 ^a^^^'^^'^/r«"^ a Smyrna opium sold m 

 C^^s^ntmople to VpLlTfr?^"P^^^™ sent by DeHa Sudda of 

 Tulr^^. Percentage of mornV '^'^^^^ ^^ 1855 was 14-78 per ccnt^ 

 l^rkeyopiun, obtained from v^^^'^' afforded by 12 other samples of 



^iiom various sources was 14G6. 



^J^" the Acad de vP^^^^^ ^'^ rl^ ? F"*?"^''^ ^« morj^Ai/je que Vopium do'^ 

 1820 ^- de M6d., I3tt jJay '"f '"'''' P^"«. 1862. 



^w. JbHrn. ofPharm. xv-iii. (1870) 1-^*- 



