124. AURANTIACE^. 



bisulphide of carbon; the alcoholic solution is not altered by ferric 

 salts. 



Commerce — Essence of berganiot, as it is always termed in trade, 

 is cliiefly shipped from Messina and Palermo in the same kind of bottles 

 as are used for essence of lemon. 



Uses — Much employed in perfumery, but in medicine only occa- 

 sionally for the sake of imparting an agreeable odour to ointments. 



Adulteration — Essence of bergamot, like that of lemon, is exten- 

 sively and systematically adulterated, and very little is sent into the 

 market entirely pure. It is often mixed with oil of turj^entine, but a 

 iiner adulteration is to dilute it with essential oil of the leaves or with 

 that obtained by distillation of the peel or of the residual fruits. Some 

 has of late been adulterated with petroleum. 



The optical properties, as already mentioned, may afford some assist- 

 ance m detecting fraudulent admixtures, though as regards oil of tur- 

 pentme it must be borne in mind that there are levogyre as well as 

 dextrogyre varieties. This latter oil and likewise that of lemon is less 

 soluble m spirit of wine than that of bero-amot. 



CORTEX AURANTII. 



Sitter Onmge Peel; F. Ecorce ou Zesfes cVOranges ameres; 



G. Pomeranzenschale. 



Botanical Origin— C-^Vrus vulgaris Kisso (G. Aurantium var. a 



UDiara Linn 



ilic .bitter or Seville or Bigarade Orange, Blgaradier' of the 

 ihlu r. ^ ^^^^^^ ^'^''^ extensively cultivated in the warmer parts of 

 mar.y ;tSeT'^'' ''"'°''' especially in Spain, and existing under 



GurS^'S^i Z^'^'"' '•' ^^'^ *^^tivo country of the orange tree. In 

 the <^,^n }""' ^""^ ^^^''^ there occurs a wild orange which is 

 Bitter^ '" parent of the cultivated orange, whether Sweet or 



leas^ht ^'u ^' P'"'"''^'^ reproduces itself from seed, and is regarded, at 

 Wvlr U ' °'!' f ^^^^^ ^^^^tinct from the Sweet Orange, from which 

 acter. r "'"''n^^ ^ distinguished by any important botanical char- 

 fruit^n^ r^"^.'P"^^^^g' ^t differs from the latter in having the 

 wul tl ?f 1 ^'^ *^' '^'^^^^^ «f ^ more deep or reddish-orange hue. 

 In 1 Ictr ^ "^''^ '"^^ ^''^ ^'^^'- The peel, as well as the fio;ver 

 Sweet Or!,; """" '?.? ^'^"^^^^^ th^n the corresponding parts of the 

 fe^^ eet Orange, and the petiole is more broadly winged. 



Romam °In7^/'^ T"f ^ '^'^"^ unknown to the ancient Greeks an^ 

 aceorScr to r t ^^^^^^^^^ion to Europe is due to the Arabs, wh^^ 

 Afr ca irabS T'^ ^PP^^^ ^'^ ^^''^^ estiblished the tree first in Ea^teui 

 SiX 'and S"'"'^ ?^T' ^^'h^^ce it was gradually conveyed to Ita^^^; 

 oran.; was cS i ^^ ^^' ^P^^^^^ <>* the Writer juit quoted, the bitter 

 .e was certainly known at the commencement of the 10th century 



^ Prom the Basque **h' ' 



(Rice, Kew Heviedies, 187^0^^' = ^''^^ the Sanskrit Bijouri (?). . .,^2, 



' 0'3. ^61), or from 2 Traiid du Citrus, Pans, ISU- -^ 



-£ 



■f 



