128 AURANTIACE.E. 



the leaves (Essence de Petit Grainy it is sometimes reduced by addition 

 of the less fragrant oil obtained from the flowers of the Portugal or 

 Sweet Orange. In some of these adulterations we must conclude that 

 orange flower water participate : metallic contamination of the latter 

 is not unknown. 



2 



Other Products of the genus Citrus. 



Essence or Essential Oil of Petit Grain — was originally ob- 

 tained by subjecting little immature oranges to distillation (Pomet— 

 1G92); but it is now produced, and to a large extent, by distillation of 

 the leaves and shoots either of the Bigarade or Bitter Orange, or of the 

 Portugal or Sweet Orange. The essence of the former is by far the 

 more fragrant, and commands double the price. Poiteau and Risso 

 state that the leaves of the Brigaradier with bitter frviit are by far the 

 richest in essential oil among all the allied leaves; they are obtained in 



" ^ "" Mediterranean where the essence is 



manufactured. Lemon-trees being mostly grafted on orange-stocks, 

 the latter during the summer put forth shoots, which are allowed to 



''"" "' '*' " ■ ' ^ - The cultivator then cuts 



to the distiller ot 



grow 



m 



Messina 



and 



Peti t Grain. The strongest shoots are frequently reserved for walking- 

 sticks. The leaves of the two sorts of orange are easily distinguished 

 by their smell when crushed. Essence of Petit Grain, which in odour 

 has a certain resemblance to Neroli, is used in perfumery and especially 

 m the manufacture of Eau de Cologne. 



According to Gladstone (18G4) it consists mainly of a hydrocarbon 

 prohably identical with that from oil of Neroli. 



Essential Oil of Orange Peel — is largely mau^ 



also m the south of France. It is extracted by the sponge 

 e«u'^^<3-process, and partly from the Bigarade and partly irom -- 

 bweet or Portugal Orange, the scarcely ripe fruit being in either case 

 employed. The oil made from the former is much more valuable than 

 that obtained from the latter, and the two are distinguished in pnce- 

 currents as Essence de Bigarade and Essence de Portugal. 



Ihese essences are but little consumed in England, in liquet 

 making and in perfumery. For what is known of their cheimcai 

 nature, the reader can consult the works named at f oot.^ 



Essence of Cedrat-^The true Citron or Cedrat tree is Ofn^ 

 medica Risso, and is of interest as being the only member ot tn 

 Orange tribe the fruit of which was known in ancient Rome. ^^ 

 tree itself, which appears to have been cultivated in Palestine m ^n 

 time of Josephus, was introduced into Italy in about the 3rd ccntuij- 



Snce of plt?f p'"^"^^ '""l^ '^^^t^in^ t of We may moreover point out the exjs ^^ 

 TZLmotL '''''' -^^'^ "' «* ^««^"°« of a crystallized constituent of the ^^ 

 Neroli^ ' ^'^"^•'^""i^g I being true orange peel from the island of Cu^ag ^.-i 



; L^c., e<Ution of 1873. 211. W G^S-^' ' S^S^-' ^P t 



306 SaSon?'^}o> ^^J ^''^^ ^05. ofeo coriicxnn mail aurei Curassavac^'^„ti, 

 Si) fehwr-/-^T>^^''"^- *'''^- ^^i- ^i« ^ooK " Adersariorum vani arg^lnl 



