

KINO. 197 



-ri 



kino, but this does not prove to be the case, no indication of its presence 

 being perceptible either in the fresh bark or wood.^ 



Etti (1878) extracted from kino colourless prisms of Kino'in by 

 boiling the drug with twice its weight of hydrochloric acid, about 1'03 

 sp. gr. On cooling, kino-red separates, very little of it remaining in 

 .solution together with kinoin. The latter is extracted by exhausting 

 tlie liquid with ether, which by evaporation affords crystals of kinoin. 

 They should be re-crystallized from boiling water; they agree with the 

 formula C'^ff "O", which is to be regarded as that of a methylated gallic 

 ether of pyrocatechin, viz., C'ff (OCH'j C'H'Ol 



Kinoin by heating it to 130° 0. gives off water and turns red: 



2 C"H''0*' = Off . C^'ff'O". 



The latter product is an amorphous mass agreeing with kino-red; by heat- 

 ing it at 160-170° it again loses water, thus affording another anhydride. 

 Etti succeeded inpreparingmethylicchloride,pyrocatechinC*'H\OH)^ 



as well as gallic acid C" H'^O^ by decomposing kinoin. 



We have prepared kinoin from Australian kino (seepage 198), but 

 jailed in obtaining it from Malabar kino, which however Etti states to 

 nave used. Kino affords about 1| per cent of kinoin. 



The solutions of kinoin turn red on addition of ferric salts. 



Commercial kino yielded us 1-3 per cent, of ash. 



Commerce— The quantity of true kino collected in the Madras 

 forests is comparatively small, probably not exceeding a ton or two 

 annually. The drug is often shipped from Cochin. 



. Uses— Kino is administered as an astringent. It is said to be used 

 I'l the manufacture of wines, and it might be employed if cheap enough 

 in tanning and dyeing. 



Other sorts of Kino. 



1. Butea Kino, Bntca Gum, Bengal Kino, Palas or Fnlas Kino, 

 ^mof tlw Palas or Dh nl- Tree. 



Ahis IS an exudation from Bidea frondosa Roxb. {Leguminoscti) , a. 

 ^ree of India and Burma, well known under the name oi Palas ov Dhak 

 and conspicuous for its splendid, large, orange, papilionaceous flowers. 

 Accordmg to Roxburgh it flows during the hot season from natural 

 nssures or from wounds made in the bark, as a red juice which soon 



arctens mto a ruby-coloured, brittle, astringent gum. 

 , Authentic specimens of this kino have been placed at our disposal 

 '^ f T- Moodeen Sheriff of Madras and by Dr. J. Newton of Bellary. 

 jnat received from the first-named gentleman consists of flattish, angular 

 ^".agments (the largest about I an inch across) and small drops or tears 

 J^ ^ very dark, ruby-coloured gum, which when held to the light is seen 

 f^ be perfectly transparent. The flat pieces have been mostly dried on 



"'^ves, an impression of the veins of which they retain on one side, 



^iiot^'l *^ ^^"-''^ Mr. Brougliton, late pyrocatechin b^ the tests which he found 



for dew? -^^ Plantations, Ootacamund, to render it easily evident m ^rJ kino^ 



^Imost^ir^^f^, *^^^ P«i"t- I" the bark ' See Nees ^on Esenbeck Ptou^^ m«/.. 



^tterfv f -^'f '^ ^'ith fresh linuid kino, he cinahs, Diisseldorf, in. (1833) tab. / 9. 

 J railed to obtain any indication of 



