198 LEGUMINOS^. 



while the other is smooth and shining. The substance has a pure 

 astringent taste, but no odour. It yielded us 1"8 per cent, of ash and 

 contained loo per cent, of water. Ether removes from it a small 

 quantity of pyrocatechin. Boiling alcohol dissolves this kino to the 

 extent of 46 per cent. ; the solution which is but little coloured, pro- 

 duces an abundant greyish-green precipitate with perchloride of iron, 

 and a white one with acetate of lead. It may be hence inferred that a 

 tannic acid, probably kino-tannic acid, constitutes about half the weight 

 of the drug, the remainder of which is formed of a soluble mucilaginous 



substance which we have not isolated in a state of purity. By submit- 

 ting the Butea kino of Mr. Moodeen Sheriff to dry distillation we 

 obtained pyrocatechin. 



The sample from Dr. Newton is wholly in transparent drops and 

 stalactitic pieces, considerably paler than that just described, bvrt of the 

 same beautiful ruby tint. The fragments dissolve freely and almost 

 completely in cold water, the solution being neutral and exhibiting the 

 same reactions as the former sample. 



Butea kino, which in India is used in the place of Malabar kino, wjw 

 long confounded with the latter by European pharmacologists, though 

 the Indian names of the two substances are quite different. It is uot 

 obtained exclusively from B. frondosa, the allied B. superha RoxD. 

 and B. parvijiora Roxb. affordinf^ a similar exudation. 



2. African or Gambia Kino—OHhis substance we have a specimen 

 collected by Daniell ' in the very locality whence it was obtained b> 

 Moore in 1733 (see p. 195), and by Park at the commencement ot tlie 

 present century. The tree yielding it, which still bears the Mandingo 

 name Kano, and grows to a height of 40 to 50 feet, is Pteroca'rf 

 erinaceus Poiret, a native of Tropical Western Africa from SenegamW 

 to Angola. The juices exude naturally from crevices in the ^^^'^'^"^ 

 much more plentifully by incisions ; it soon coagulates, becoming detP 

 blood-red and remarkably brittle. That in our possession is m ve . 

 smaU, shining, angular fragments, which in a proper lig^^^^l'^-.j 

 transparent and of a deep ruby colour. In solubility and chemic 

 characters, we can trace no difierence between it and the kmo oi 

 allied Ft. Marsupium Roxb. This kino does not now find its ^\av 

 i^ngland as a regular article of trade. From the statement ot ' 

 witsch, it appears that the Portuguese of Angola employ it undei 

 name of Sangue de LragoJ" 



O"^-^^ ^^ ""o 



quciaiiLies 01 icmo trom) Australia ; in fact at one p 

 the only sort to be purchased. 



v^xixj, ouio w uy purcnasecl. ., - ^ot 



As it is the produce of numerous species of Eucalyptus, it i 

 orisino- thni. if. rtT.ac«T^+c « • i„-.„T„i„ j: u,r r^-f fimiearance. _ , 



surprising that it presents considerable diversity of appearance, 

 bettx^r qualities closely agree with Pterocari)us kino. They ave in 



pusKinu. „^"-^ " ,^.seen 



reddish brown masses or grains, which when in thin fragments are 

 to be transparent, of a garnet red hue and quite amorphous, iii'^ j^ 

 stance is mostly collected by the sawyers and wood-splitteis. ^^ 

 found withm the trunks of trees of all sizes, in flattened cavities ^ 



A />5f P7 P^'P" P" ^^'' ^'''^ ^'^•'^'^ *>/ »^'«*« ^ Maddra. e Dro<,as rmdlclnaesdeAngo «, 



^JULU, Fharm. Jouni. xiv. (185.1^ .n.'^. T UIia,-, lSfr2. .S7. 



(1855) 65. Lisboa, 1862, 37. 



