f 



LIGN UM PTEROC ARPI. 201 



coloured small parenchymatous layers, running from one vascular 

 bundle to another. The whole tissue is finally traversed by very narrow 

 medullary rays, which are scarcely perceiDtible to the unaided eye. 

 The parenchymatous cells are each loaded with one crystal of oxalate of 

 calcium, which are so large that, in a piece of the wood broken longi- 

 tudinally, they may be distinguished without a lens. The colouring 

 matter 'is contained especially in the walls of the vessels and the 



Cold water or fatty oil {almond or olive) 



ligneous cells. 



abstracts scarcely anything from the wood, and hot water but very 

 little. On the other hand, ether, spirit of wine, alkahne solutions or 

 concentrated acetic acid, readily dissolves out the colouring matter 

 Essential oils of bitter almond or clove take up a good deal of the red 

 substance ; that of turpentine none at all. This resinoid substance, 

 termed Santalic Acid or Santalin,' is said to form microscopic pris- 

 matic crystals of a fine ruby colour, devoid of odour and taste, iusmg at 

 104° C, insoluble in water but neutralizing alkalis and forming witti 



them uncrystallizable salts. . . 



Weidel (1870) exhausted the wood with boiling water, containing a 

 little potash, and obtained by means of hydrochloric acid a red preci- 

 pitate, which was redissolved in boiling alcohol and then turnislieci 

 colourless crystals of Santal, G^ffOl They are devoid of odour or 



but sparingly in ether. Santal yields witn poiasn a ^^^^^^y {v'a\ 

 solution which soon turns red and green. The wood aftorded v\ eiaei 



not more than 3 per mille of santal. i. f •[ \r a 



Cazeneuve (1874)^ mixed 4 parts of the wood with 1 part ot slaKea 

 lime, and exhausted the dried powder with ether containing a ittle 



ol^^l.^! A/*i_ ,1 J- __ r xl,« -.n.^r. Q ottiqII n moil lit 01 COlOUl- 



alcohol. 

 less cr 



1. After the evaporation of the ether, a small amount ot coloui- 

 -^^. ..ystals of Pterocarpin was obtained, which were punhed bj ic- 

 ciystalhzation from boiling alcohol. They melt at 83 O., ana are 

 abundantly soluble in chloroform, in bisulphide of carbon, very litue 

 in cold alcohol, not at all in water. Pterocarpin agrees with the 

 formula C^1P«0\ It yields a red solution with concentrated sulphuiic 

 acid, and a green with nitric acid P4 sp. gr. By submitting it to 

 destructive distillation pyrocatechin appears to be formed. 

 , Franchimont (1879) assigns the formula G^ff ^0« to ^^^her princi- 

 ple of Red Sanders Wood, which he isolated by means of ^Icoh^L ^^ 

 i^an amorphous substance, melting at 105°. By f ^f JL^i^^ ^H ,"1^^ 

 with a solution of carbonate of sodium. Hagenbach (1872 obtain^^^ 

 fluorescent solution. Red Sanders Wood yielded us of ash onl> u 5 



per cent. 



Commerce — In the official 



;^«ced to the Madras Government a revenue oi zo,uxu '^/X^a m 

 ^he quantity taken from the forests was reported as l,iOl,/J^ lu. 



taline, p. ^34, and __for partlcul^ : 



form?r'^'°? C/im;.i,-j/, xvi. (1864) 259 ; the txihne, p. 1*34 ,* ^ extraction des aha- 



formula assigned to santalic acid (C>^^H»0') ^^^''^T'vttl 875 66 It would appear 



•^ppears to be doubtful. Weidel in propos- loUes,eic. l^^"«'/^',^/V«ed about 4 per 



'"g the formula C^^H'^0^ points out that that t^^ »^^^"/„. ^V^^^'tL wS- 



* J»ay be allied to alizarin, Ci*H«0^ 'niilU of pterocarpin from the w ooa. 



^ee Dictionnairc de Ckimle, art. San- 



