312 UMBELLIFER^. 



r 



this drug. In Greece, anise is largely cultivated under the name oi 

 yKvKaviaov, and it is much grown in Northern India. Considerable 

 quantities are also now imported from Chili. The drug is, on the 

 whole, always of a remarkably uniform appearance. 



Uses — Anise is an aromatic stimulant and carminative, usually 



administered in the form of essential oil as an adjunct to other medicines. 



It is also used as a cattle medicine. The essential oil is largely consumed 



in the manufacture of cordials, chiefly in France, Spain, Italy, and South 

 America. 



Adulteration — The fruits of anise are sometimes mixed wath those 

 of hemlock, but whether by design or by carelessness we know not. 

 Careful inspection with a lens will reveal this dangerous adulteration. 

 We have^ known poiudered anise also to contain hemlock, and have 

 detected it by trituration in a mortar with a few drops of solution 



of potash, a sample of pure anise for comparison being tried at the 

 same time. 



The essential oil of aniseed may readily be confounded with that of 

 btar-anise, which is distilled from the fruits of the widely different 

 lUicium, anisatum. As stated at p. 22, these oils agree so closely in 

 their chemical and optical properties, that no scientific means are known 

 tor distmguishin» them. 



RADIX SUMBUL. 



Sumhul Root; F. Racine de Sumbul, Samhola ou Sambula 



Moschusw 



Botanical Origin-i^mt7a Sumbul Hooker fil. {Eurycmgiwn 

 ^umbiU Kauffmann^), a tall perennial plant discovered in 1869 by a 

 pfn'nS? traveller, Fedschenko, in the mountains of Maghian near 

 ^lanjaKent, m the northern part of the Khanat of Bukhara, nearly 40 



ft'-^nlu ^^ *\^^° ^- l°"g- From Wittmann's statements (IS/b 

 It would appear that the Sumbul plant abounds far east from that 



m\l^y\ '"^ :? ^2^^^ province of the Amoor. A living plant trans- 

 flow.ll T *^- ^'/"^"^ ^''^''^^ to the Botanical Garden of Moscow 



aftrfloweHn^ '"^ ' ^''''^^'^'' '"^ ^^^^ ^* ^""^^ "^^'""^ ^^'^ P^''''* 



or .Sz!,^^'"^"'?® T°''^ sumhid, which is Arabic and signifies an ear 

 of&r,'^ "sed as the designation of various substances, but especially 

 ot ind icm A ard, the rhizome of J^ardostachv, Jafamansi DC. Under 



drno- ,;"r'"^'^^ ^^-^S' or at what period 

 drug under notice, we know not. Nor 



the hiVnvl 7^^^^'^.^^^^ ''^^- Nor are we better informed as to 

 rnLns of I fT^""^ T^' ^^'^^ ^^ have been unable to trace by 

 S wasT f-^)' T'^' ^^ °^^ di«P"«aL All we can say is, that the 

 Ste for S*^ mtroduced into Russia about the year 1835 as a sub; 

 chXa an,^^^^..^\^^ '^ ^^« then recommended as a remedy foi 

 yea^ Xrwl^f '^ \-^''. ^^ ^^ known in Germany in 1840, and ten 

 in.^ atterwards in Encrland. Tf ,..o. „^^u..^ *^;«fn the British 



fie Moscou, x^'aim ^^^'S of F""^' ^^so figured in Bentley and Trimen 



) -o^. tabb. 24. 2o.- Plants, part 20 (1877). 



Med. 



