ELORES SAMBUCI. 333 



The oil of cumin, secondly, contains a mixture of hydrocarbons. 



That which constitutes about one half of the crude oil has been first 



obtained in 18il by Gerhardt and Cahours, just from the oil under 



notice, and therefore called Cymene (or also Oymol). It is a liquid of 



0-873 sp. gr. at 0° (32° F.), boiling at 175°; neither cymene nor cuminol 



have the same_ odour and taste as the crude oil. Many other plants 



have been noticed as containing cymene among the constituents of 



their essential oils. Thus for instance Cicuta virosa L., Cavum Ajowan 



(page 304), Thymus vulgaris (see art. Folia Thymi), Eucalyptus 

 globidus Labill, 



Cymene, CH* j ^^^^ (Propylmethyl-benzol), may also be artificially 



obtained from a large number of essential oils having the composition 

 Q'W, or O'W'O, or (J'WO, or (J'W'O. It differs very remarkably 

 from the oils of the formula C'W^ inasmuch as cymene yields the 

 crystallizable cymensulphonic acids when it is warmed with concen- 

 trated sulphuric acid. 



Lastly 



H 



^i^\j \yxx v/j. vum.xj.xj. ^jj oxxxctxx c^xxx\^«axxv \yj. c^ 



C, as stated in 1865 by C. M. Warren, 



and in 1873 by Beilstein and Kupflfer. 



The dextrogyrate power of cuminol is a little less strong than that 

 of cymene; artificial cymene is optically inert. 



Commerce 



and Sicily. In Malta 



Moffador, Malta 



730 



Morocco^ in 1872 was 1657 



trom Bombay in the year 1872-73 was 676G cwt.;'' and 20,040 cwt. 

 "■cm Calcutta* in the year 1870-71. 



Uses — Cumin is sold by druggists as an ingredient of curry powders, 

 but to a much larger extent for use in veterinary medicine. 



CAPRIFOLIACE^. 



FLORES SAMBUCI. 



Elder Floivers ; F. Fleurs de Sureau; G. Holunderhluthe, 



Fliederhlumen. 



Botanical Origin—Samhucus nigra L.— a large deciduous shrub 

 or small tree, indigenous to Southern and Central Europe (not in Russia), 

 Western Asia, the Crimea, the regions of the Caucasus and Southern 

 J^iberia. It is beli eved to be a native of England and Ireland, but not 

 ^ be truly wild in Scotland. In other northern parts of Europe, as 

 ■^orway and Sweden, the elder appears only as a plant introduced there 

 aunng the middle ages by the monks.'' 



History— The Romans, as we learn from Pliny, made use in 



anfla'^^^^"'^ ^"^^^ relating to the Colonial of the Presidency of Bombay for 1872-73. 

 x\ &\Ra^T^^^'^'^ (if ^^''i United Kin jdom, pt. ii. 90. 



618. 619. 



Trade 



onlf?'^"'"""^^^"'''*. Aug. 1873,917; inl87C Bengal Presidency for 1870-7l! 121. 

 "uiydSOcwt. s Schiibel&r, PJlanzenweU Normg, 



statement of the Trade and Ifavigation (1873-75) 253. 



