348 RUBIACEiE, 



grammes of bark ; yet a good deal of the excellent barks of the 

 Columbian State of Santander, esi^ecially those of the neighbourhood 

 of Bucaramanga, find their way to Maracaibo, taking the name of 



that place. 



Some Cine] 

 Puerto Cabello. 



from 



United 



>/ 



28,451 cwt, valued £285,620; of wliieh 11,843 cwt. was shipped from 

 New Granada, 4,668 cwt. from Ecuador, and 5,829 cwt. from Peru, the 

 remainder being entered as from the ports of Chili, Brazil, Central 

 America and other countries. The imports into the United Kingdom 

 m 1876 were 26,021 cwt., valued at £272,154. 



J 



Cultivation— The reckless system of bark-cutting in the forests of 

 bouth America, which has resulted in the utter extermination of the 

 tree from many localities, has aroused the attention of the Old World, 

 and has at length prompted serious efforts to cultivate the tree on a 

 large scale in other countries. 



The idea of cultivating Cinchonas out of their native regions was 

 advanced by Ruiz in 1792, and by Fde of Strassburg in 1824.^ Eoyle^ 



pointed out m 1839 that suitable localities for the purpose might be 

 lound m the Neilgherry Hills and probably in many other parts of 



the t^' ^^^^^^ indefatigably in favour of the introduction of 



The subject was also urged in reference to Java in 1837 by Fritze, 

 airector of medical affairs in that island : in 1846 by Miquel, and sub- 

 sequently by other Dutch botanists and chemists.^ 



L<iving Cinchonas had been taken to Algeria as early as 1849, 

 Dy tne intervention of the Jesuits of Cusco, but their cultivation met 

 with no success. 



Weddell in 1848 brought cinchona seeds from South America to 

 nln?f ^' u- ^*''■^""o^sly insisted on the importance of cultivating the 

 if^^'r. ^^^f^^!' especially those of a Calisaya, germinated at the 

 s.nt f. A? ^•^''*'' ^" ^^™' ^^^ '^^ June 1850, living seedlings were 

 to Java ^^"''^ ^""^ "^ ^Pril ^^'^^, through the Dutch Government, 



tbe t!!^+1!^^ important attempts at cinchona-cultivation were made by 

 wnrrk n ^ ^r^ ^^^ auspices of the Colonial Minister Pahud, after- 

 Ha^.L^'*''^"'^ '^^""^^^^ ""^ *he Dutch East Indies, the botanist 

 Sanf r Tr^' ^^^P^^ched to Peru for the purpose of obtaining seeds and 

 plants. His missmn Tiroo o^ f„,. ^S s , ,, <• 5 .^ ^lonfs 



plants 



resigned 



167 



An 



.t r-^ ..V.1U fjuuiu America. 



impulse to the project of cinchona-planting was given in 1852 



(1S28) 252. • "'*'■ Mamacew^ejwe, ii. 3 Accordingto K. W. van Gorkon), sugges- 



' ^l^ustratlms of thf Bf,f r,fn tr- , *io»s to the same end were made to 



^fr>mtaim, i. (1839) 2^ -^'^" '^™«%«» Dutch Government as early as 1829 DJ 



n839) 240. p . 



KemM^ardt. 



