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OLEUM OLIV^. 417 



L.^ Australian Manna, which is in small rounded, opaque, white, dry 

 masses, is found on the leaves of Eucalyptus viminalis Labill. It con- 

 tains a kind of sugar called Melitose^ has a sweet thistle, is devoid of 

 medicinal properties and is not collected for use.' 



The substance named Tigala (corrupted into Trehala), from whicli 

 a peculiar sugar has been obtained,* is the coccoon of a beetle, and not 

 properly a saccharine exudation.^ 



The Lcrp Manna of Australia is also of animal origin.'' It consists 

 of water 14, white threadlike portion 33, sugar 53 parts. The_ threads 

 possess some of the characteristic properties of starch, from which they 

 differ entirely by their form and unalterability even in boiling water. 

 Yet in sealed tubes, they dissolve in 30 parts of water at 135° C. 

 The sugar is dextrogyre ; it impregnates the threads as a soft brown 

 amorphous mass. In the purified state it does not crystallize, even 

 after a long time. By means of dilute sulphuric acid, the threads are 

 converted into crystalline grape-sugar. 



OLEUM OLIV^. 



Olive Oil; Salad Oil; F. Huile d' Olives; G. Olivenol; Baumol; 



Provencer Oel. 



Botanical Origin— Olea euvopa^a L., an evergreen tree,^ seldom 

 exceeding 40 feet in height, yet attaining extreme old age, abundantly 

 cultivated in the countries bordering the Mediterranean, up to an eleva- 

 tion of about 2000 feet above the sea-level' Olea ferruginea Royle 

 (0. cmpidata Wallich), a tree abundant in Afghanistan, Beluchistan and 

 Western Sind, has been supposed to be a wild form of 0. euvopoia, but is 

 regarded by Brandis^ as a distinct species. It is not known to have 

 been ever cultivated, yet its fruit, which is of a small size and but 

 sparingly produced, is capable of affording a good oil. 



History— In ancient Egypt the olive was known by the term hah; 

 It can be traced as far as th'e 17th century before our era.'" 



According to the elaborate investigations of Bitter" and oi A- /^^ 

 Candolle,'== the olive tree is a native of Palestine, and perhaps ot Asia 

 Elinor and Greece. Its original area also extends over north-eastern 



^_^I51Ion, Tra.eU ..ro.^U S,ain (1780) ^^.^^^^^^^SS^rSi^S;"^ 



,;.Belon, Sin,:i;ii ^11,) 1. 2. cap. 91 ; flo.! southern ^lope 42()0^^.ce 24(X);^^^^ 

 Uibourt, Comptes Rendus (185S) 1213; 2200; ^^^^^^donia 1200; Cil cia .^^^^^^ 

 Hanbury, Journ. Linn. 5oc., Zoology, iii. Vec/etation der Erde nachj^^^^r ''l:^^'^^^. 



Dobs 

 of 

 PI. 



'Utile 



r^rtirmraof Kortk.we.tern and Ccn 



Oo.e'^K^ Tlipzig. 1878. 80. etc.-See 

 also Journ. of Botany, 18/9. o2. 

 11 Erdhmde von Asien, vu. (part 2. 1844) 



516-537. 



I Readers desiring full information about ^^ Giographhue Boiamque (18oo) 91- 



^ olive tree, its oil, its history, etc., 



2d 



