51 G LAURACEiE. 



Hiogo and Osaka exported in 1871, 7089 peculs (945,200 lb.), and 

 Nagasaki 745 peculs (99,333 lb.), the total value being 11 6 Jl 8 dollars.' 

 In 1877 the value of camphor exported from Japan was stated to be 



equal to 240,000 dollars. 



^fined 



United Kingdom amounted in 1870 to 12,368 cwi (1,385,216 lb.) ; of 

 Refined Cam^jhor in the same year to 2361 cwt.^ 



Camphor is lai-gely consumed by the natives of India ; the quantity 

 of the crude drug imported into Bombay in the year 1872-73 was 



3801 cwt.' 



Uses — Camphor has stimulant properties and is frequently used in 

 medicine both internally and externally. It is largely consumed in India. 



Other kinds of Camphor ; Camphor Oils. 



Camphor, as stated above at page 512, v^as the name originally ap- 

 plied to the product of Dryobalanops ; it was then also given to that of 

 Camphor Laurel, and in 1725 Caspar Neumann, of Berlin, first pointed 

 out that many essential oils afford crystals ('' stearoptenes " of later 

 chemists), for which he proposed the general name of camphor. Many 

 of them are agreeing with the formula CH^'O, and there are also 

 numerous liquids of the same composition. It would appear, however, 



479) 



affords the latter, requires further examination. 



Many other liquid and solid constituents of essential oils, or suu- 

 stances afforded by treating them with alcoholic potash, answer to the 

 formula O'W(0R). Among them we may point out the two following ; 

 they are the only substances of the class of " camphors," besides common 

 camphor, which are of some practical importance. 



Barus Camphor, Borneo Camphor, Malayan Camphor, Dnjo- 

 balanops Camphor— Thh, as already explained, is the substance to 

 which the earliest notices of camphor refer. The tree which attords 

 it is Dryohalanops aromatica Giirtn. (D. Camp)hora Colebrooke), of tne 

 order Dipterocarpccc, one of the most majestic objects of the vegetable 

 kingdom.* The trunk is very tall, round, and straight, furnished neai 

 the base with huge buttresses ; it rises 100 to 150 feet without a brancn. 

 then producing a dense crown of shining foliage, 50 to 70 feet m dia^ 

 meter, on which are scattered beautiful white flowers of delicio 



fragrance 

 north-west 



. The tree is indigenous to the Dutch Residencies on u 



-- ^st coast of Sumatra, between 0° and 8° N. lat., from aJ 



Bangis to Barus and Singkel, and to the northern part of Borneo, 

 the small British island of Labuan. . „,.res 



The camphor is obtained from the trunk, in longitudinal flss 

 of which it is found in a solid crystalline state, and extractea ^^; 

 laboriously splitting the wood. It can only be got by the ciesi 



_ 1 Commercial Reports from II. M. Con.wh » stafement of the Trach and Na»'P ' 



rn Japan No. 1, 1872. -The returns for of Bombay for 1872-73. n. 27- ^f «■ 



iiiogo and Osaka are upon the autliorlty of ^For a full account »f\%^oiV<^^ 



the Chamber of Commerce. see W. H. da Vriese's excellent m ^^^.^^ . ,, 



statement of the. Trade and Xavination k Camphrkr de Snmatm eta 

 of the United Kingdom for 1870. p. 61-nn Leide, ISr^l. 23 p. 4°. and 2 plates. 

 later returns accessible. 



