STROBILI HUMULI. 551 



places exported during 1867, 1830 maimds (146.400 lb.) to U, whence 

 the commodity is carried to the Punjab and Kashmir. Siualler quan- 

 tities are annually imported from Kandahar and Samarkand;' some 

 charas appears also (1876) to be exported from Alandshuria to China. 

 The drug is mostly consumed by smoking with tobacco ; it is not found 

 in European commerce. 



STROBILI HUMULI. 



Humidus vel Lupulus ; Hops; ¥. Hoithlon ; G. Ilopfen. 



Botanical Origin — Ilumulus Lupulus L., — a direcious perennial 

 plant, producing long annual twining stems which climb freely over 

 trees and bushes. It is found wild, especially in thickets on the banks 

 of rivers, throughout all Europe, from Spain, Sicily and Greece to 

 Scandinavia ; and extends also to the Caucasus, the South Casjiian 

 region, and through Central and Southern Siberia to the Altai mountains. 

 It has been introduced into North America, Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), 

 and Australia. 



H 



g 



umtda 



as existing in France and Germany in the 8th and 9th centuries ; and 

 Bohemian and Bavarian hops have been known as an esteemed kinrl 

 since the 11th century. A grant alleged to have been made by William 

 the Conqueror in lOGO, of hops and hop-lands in the county of Salop,' 

 would indicate, were it free from doubt, a very early cultivation of the 

 liop in England. 



"up in i!.ngian(l. 



As to the use made of hops in these early times, it would appear 

 that they were rejrarded in somewhat of a medicinal aspect. In the 



>/ Apul 



1050, it is said of the hop (hymele) that its good qualities are such that 

 nien put it in their usual drinks; and St. Hildegard,' a century lat^r, 

 states that the hop Qwppho) is added to beverages, partly for its whole- 

 some bitterness, and partly because it makes them keep. 

 ^ Hops for brewing were among the produce which the tenants ot the 

 abbey of St Germain in Paris « had to furnish to the monastery m the 

 beginning of the 9th century; yet in the middle of the 14th century, 

 beer without such addition was still brewed m Pans. , • , ^r , 



The brewsters, bakers and millers of London were the subject ot a 

 mandate of Edward I. in A.D. 1208; but there is no reason ^^ internn 

 that the manufacture of malt liquor at this period "»^'«1^'^^/^^ "^n^'J 

 l»«Ps. It is plain indeed that somewhat later, hops ^^"^^l^^f JP^^^'^' '^ 



used, for in the 4th year of Heniy 



^^'^Z r^e^^rr j::ttSg SJbee^^^;; unwholesome weed called 



,^;Ste.a^. P.,.. P^..., Lahore, ISOO. ^^-J^l^^fji^^r ''' '''^'^' ' 

 ; Blount, Tenures of Laud and Customs ^ Opera 0,.uu^ accurante J. P. Migne. 



•^ziTjJ ^'"te'i by-Hazlitt, 1874. 165 ^fX\l^^,t Poiyvthuede ValMIrminm, I 



^eechdoms, Worlcunnm>j and Slarcraft o^^^um. 



