LIGNUM SANTALI. 599 



SANTALACE^. 



LIGNUM SANTALL 



Lignum Santalinum album vel citrinum; Sandal Wood; F. Bou; de 



Santal citrin; G. Welsses oder Gelbes Sandelholz. 



Botanical Origin — Santalum alham^ L., a small tree, 20 to nO 

 feet high, with a trunk 18 to 35 inches in girth, a native of the moun- 

 tainous parts of the Indian peninsula, but especially of Mysore and 

 parts of Coimbatore and North Canara, in the Madras Presidency; it 



grows 



Eastern 



notably of Sumba (otherwise called Chandane or Sandal-wood Island), 



and Timur. 



In later times, sandal wood has been extensively collected in the 



pointed 



out about the year 1778, from Santalum Freycinetianum Gaud, and 

 S- pyrularium A. Gray;^ in the Viti or Fiji Islands from *S. Yofi 

 Seem. ; in New Caledonia from S. austro-caledonieum, Vieill^ and in 

 Western Australia from Fusanus spicatits Br. (Santalum spicatum 

 DC, S. cygnorum Miq.)." The mother plants of Japanese and 

 West Indian sandal wood are not known to us. 



In India the sandal-wood tree is protected by Government, and is 

 the source of a profitable commerce. In other countries it has been 

 left to itself, and has usually been extirpated, at least from 2^^ — e.hi« 

 places, within a few years of its discovery. 



acccssi 



hai 



H 



CluiiuLa 



^^ritten not later than the 5th century B.C. The wood is also referred 



to in the ancient Sanskrit epic poems, the Bamayanu and lUatiaom- 



rata, parts of which may be of nearly as early date. 



The author of the Pm^Zus " " " ^' "' 



middle of the 1st century, enuuicxc^^v.^ .^. ^ ^ • ^i,^ P^T-^i'nn 



among the Indian commodities impoi-ted into Omana in the fer.ian 



^f the I^rijthrean Sea, written about the 



imPrates sandal wood (ZvXacruyaXim) 



Gulf 



n 



j-xic iLapoava mentionea wwaiu;^ ti±^ -"*- , . ^ r^h na 



Cosmas Indicopleustes,« as brought to Tapi;obane (Cejlo ^j ^^^^^^^ J^ 

 and other emporia, wis probably the wood under eon^derat,«a n 

 Ceylon Hs essential oil was used as early as the 9th century m 

 embalming the corpses of the princes. 



' Fig. in Bentley and Trimen's Medic. Madagascar, also supplies some sandal 



i'lo.nts, part 18 (1877). ""Twhpfhpr Santalum lancwMu . Br., a 



J^Seemaim. Flora Vitiemis, 1865-73. ' \^ ^t^l^HirouXut N. and E. Australia, 



I The natural woods having been nearly and ^^'-'', . , ^^^y, not. 



exhausted, the tree is now under culture »" ^l'.^^'' ,f rZm.rrf and Navu^atim of 



^ the island. Catalogue des produits ^Y'"'' I ^807)378. 



f' colonies frangakes. Exposition de 1878. tU ^"^"--^^^i.Jfov^VCVr.^s, series Gra^ca, 



P- 'W2 ; they state there that the island of J*"fe" ' 



Nossi-be, on the uorth-wostern coast of torn. »»• i^"- 



