TEREBINTHINA YULGAKIS. C07 



Bodium. 



diuni. This re-action proves the presence of a certain quantity of 

 oxygenated oils, not one of which has thus far been isolated. 



The turpentine oils, although agreeing in composition, exhibit a 

 series of physical diiferences according to their origin. _ One and tlic 

 same tree, indeed, yields from its several organs oils of diffiTcnt proper- 

 ties. The boiling point varies between 152° and 172° C. Thesp.gr. 

 at mean temperatures ranges from 0-856 to 0-870. Greater differences 



ixjiibited 



the plane of polarization to the right, others to the left. This rotatory 

 power differs in many cases from that of the turpentnie from which 

 the oil was derived.^ The odour of oil of turpentine vanes with the 

 species from which it has been obtained. r, ^ p 



When crude turpentine is distilled with water, nearly the whole ot 

 the oil passes over, while the resin remains. This resin is called ColojJio.jj 

 or Rosin. When it still contains a little water, it is distinguished m 

 English trade as Yellow Rosin ; when fully deprived ot water, it 

 becomes what is called Transparent Rosin. That of deeper co our 

 acquired by a still longer application of heat, bears the name ot macL 



Rosin. 



clear 



liquid. At about 150° it forms a somewhat darker liquid, but without 

 undergoing a loss in weight ; at higher temperatures, it gradually ue- 

 composes. Pure colophony has a sp. gr. of 107, and is liomogcneo .s, 

 transparent, amorphous, and very brittle. At temperatures between 1.. 

 and 20° C, it requires for solution 8 parts of ddute alcohol (Obm ^'^ 

 addition of a caustic alkali, it dissolves in spirit much more freely, 

 is plentifully soluble in acetone or benzol. ., . . u p*4U"=0* 

 The composition of colophony agrees with the f!^;";"lj^^^, f ^^^ 

 By shaking c'oarsely powderf colophony -^J^!^^l 1^ 

 converted into a crystalline body, Abietic Aml,L^ 11 ^' .J^! soto^^ 

 simply to hydration. Under such treatment, «<>1^P^°"V. '^^^^^^^^ 

 per cent, oflbietic acid,^ and therefore consists cl^^e^ of tl e anh^Jid« 

 of that acid. This is piibably the case with the resins of other a)m^ 

 The living tree contains only the anhydride for the ^^ ^ re ^no«s ^^^ 



is clear and amorphous after the expulsion of the ^^^ 5 ^^^f^^^^^^^^^ 

 fA fi.^ .;„ u 1 „:i ^^1.^^ „^ „r.,fnv and solidifies as the crista an t. 



microscope 



—a cnange which may easily DC iiateu uj .-- ^^i^^^linnv retains ib 

 in drops tlken direct from the trunk. Amorphous colophony reU ^^^ ^^^ 



transparency even in a moist atmosphere, ^"^^^1^^^" sumption of th>' 

 passing into"^ the state of abietic acid, only ;^^«^, ^^,",^%";^'„ce uf tli. 

 needful molecule of water is aided, in nature hy the pie.tucc 



essential oil, or artificially by that of alcohol. 



Colophony when boiled with alkahne so--— '—^ - additions 

 of abietic acid, the so-callen resin-soaps, which aie u.ca 

 to other soaps. 



u 



Siewert's SilvicAci 

 decomposition of abiet 



which is the chief constituent of Galipot, 



aFluckii^cr in lor. clL 1S67. J>^- 

 ^ For some particulars, see my notice m „„,;stg ^aien to this acid the ' 



the Jahresberkht of Wiggers and Husemann S^i^J?^^^^ and call it ^i^ '" ' ^''''^• 

 for 1869, p. 36.— F. A. F. L ii ^ » 



-Most 



irmula 



