APPENDIX. 7.-)o 



Charaka, i.e. book of health. An old Sanskrit work, analogous to 

 Susruta's Ayurvedas (see Susriita), yet reputed in India to be older than the 

 latter. Charaka is^ow being published, since 1868, at Calcutta, and also at 

 Bombay, but is not yet transhated in any modern idiom. There are Andiic 

 versions of the end of the 8th century, as stated by Albiriiui in the 11 th cen- 

 tury, and by Ibn Baitar (see B.) For further particulars consult Rotli, 

 Zeitschrift der Beutschen Moryenldndischen Geselhchaft, xxvi. (1872) 441 fiqq. 



Charlemagne, the great Emperor, 768-814. He ordered, in 812, by the 

 '' Capitulare de villis et cortis imperialibus," a considerable number of useful 

 plants to be cultivated in the imperial farms. Several other plants are a!..' 

 mentioned, for similar purpose, in the Emperor's '^ Breviarium rcruni fiscal- 

 ium." A full account of both these remarkable documents will be found in 

 Meyer's Geschichte der Botanik, iii. 401-412. See also B. Gu^rard, 

 Explication du Capitulaire de Yillis; Bibhotheque do I'Ecole des Chartes, IV. 

 (1853) 201-247. 313-350. and 346-572. 



See pages 92. 98. 172. 179. 245. 269, 308. 329. 488. 542. 545. 627. 



Chordadbeh^See Khurdadbah. 

 Circa instans — See Platearius. 



Clusius, Charles de I'Escluse, born at Arras, in the north of France, A.P. 

 1526; died A.d. 1609. He lived at Marburg, Wittenberg, Frankfurt, Strassburg, 

 Lyons, Montpellier; travelled in Spain and Portugal; paid, in 1571, a visit to 

 Loudon, and again in a later year. Clusius was, from 1573 to 1587, the direc- 

 tor of the imperial gardens at Vienna, and from 1593 to 1609 professor of 

 botany in the University of Leiden. Among the works of this emnientnian 

 the most important, from a pharmaceutical point of view, are : 1. Aliquot 

 notce in Garciai aromatum historiam. Antverpire, 1582. 2. R'^norum plan- 

 tamm historia. Antv., 1601. Z. Exoticorum Ubri decern. Antv., 1605^— bee 

 Morren, Charles de I'Ecluse, sa vie et ses ceuvres. Liege, Bo vene, ^ o. 1 , 



'see pag^s 17. 21. 73. 83. 96. 202. 211. 254. 272. 287. 390, 401. 425. 429. 

 453. 521, 589. 648. 657. 



Collectio Salernitana— See Alphita. 



Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus. Born at Cadiz ; h«/'o^2«- 

 tween a.d. 35 and 65 the most valuable agricultural work of the Koman 

 literature: -De re rusika libri xii." It has been translated by A^«rrf, 

 together with Columella's book, " i). arSoni^^V' fo^ F'^'^i^I^idot s Agro- 

 nomes latins." Paris, 1877. The list of the numerous plants mentioned by 

 Columella will be found in Meyer's Geschichte der Botanik u., bb. 



See pages 97. 245. 664. , . v if f *>,» 



Constantinus Africanus. Born at Carthage in the second ^^ f^m 

 10th century. A physician who spent his life m f ^^t.^'^.^'lJ^.^fi'^";! " 

 studies in the medical school at Salerno (see S.), and m the. f'17"^/;^^^J^^^j 

 tine Abbey of Monte Cassino; died a.d. 1106. He'™' flS J^S 

 knowledge of the Arabs to the school of Salerno of whch he ma^^^^ 

 tlie most distin.guished fellow. See Steinschneider _ in \ [rch^^^/^J^^llJZ 

 patholog. . 

 fur Geschi 

 tin's work, 



about A. D. 1004. . „ .c pnn 



See pages 130. 211. 377. 494. 573. 584. 600. 



Conti: Niecol5 dei. A Venetian ."--'^-^-J^/rfl L' "-tSu- 

 1419 to 1444 ]) in Lidia. His interesting accounts are ^^^^ JJ™;^^^. 

 able of that period. They have been published for the Haklnyt r,ocie y v 



