﻿FEB. 
  19, 
  1922 
  brooks: 
  the 
  scientist 
  in 
  the 
  federai^ 
  service 
  85 
  

  

  and 
  finally 
  to 
  organized 
  methods. 
  The 
  organization 
  of 
  research, 
  

   though 
  long 
  under 
  way 
  and 
  hastened 
  by 
  the 
  war, 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  covers 
  

   the 
  whole 
  field 
  of 
  science 
  and 
  indeed 
  never 
  can, 
  for 
  much 
  of 
  scientific 
  

   progress 
  must 
  always 
  be 
  individualistic. 
  

  

  Some 
  of 
  the 
  physical 
  scientists 
  were 
  the 
  first 
  to 
  undertake 
  collective 
  

   action. 
  The 
  astronomers 
  and 
  geodesists 
  early 
  recognized 
  the 
  neces- 
  

   sity 
  of 
  national 
  and 
  international 
  cooperation, 
  and 
  later 
  the 
  meteorol- 
  

   ogists 
  realized 
  that 
  their 
  work 
  could 
  not 
  be 
  greatly 
  advanced 
  by 
  the 
  

   individual. 
  Still 
  later 
  men 
  engaged 
  in 
  other 
  physical 
  sciences 
  that 
  

   require 
  long 
  periods 
  of 
  continuing 
  observation 
  found 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  

   organization. 
  The 
  natural 
  sciences 
  long 
  lagged 
  behind 
  the 
  exact 
  

   sciences 
  in 
  this 
  movement, 
  and 
  even 
  today 
  much 
  of 
  their 
  investigation 
  

   is 
  essentially 
  individualistic. 
  Organization 
  has 
  now 
  gone 
  so 
  far, 
  

   however, 
  that 
  we 
  have 
  come 
  to 
  think 
  of 
  scientific 
  progress 
  in 
  terms 
  

   of 
  institutions 
  rather 
  than 
  of 
  individuals. 
  

  

  One 
  grave 
  fault 
  of 
  organized 
  science 
  is 
  that 
  it 
  leaves 
  no 
  place 
  for 
  

   the 
  amateur, 
  who 
  in 
  the 
  past 
  has 
  done 
  so 
  much 
  useful 
  work. 
  The 
  

   amateur 
  cannot 
  now 
  hope 
  to 
  compete 
  in 
  the 
  fields 
  occupied 
  by 
  large 
  

   institutions, 
  with 
  highly 
  organized 
  corps 
  of 
  professional 
  investigators, 
  

   and 
  in 
  consequence, 
  he 
  is 
  active 
  only 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  least 
  organized 
  

   natural 
  sciences. 
  This 
  is 
  unfortunate, 
  for 
  many 
  an 
  amateur 
  is 
  as 
  able 
  

   an 
  investigator 
  as 
  the 
  highly 
  trained 
  professional 
  and 
  may 
  have 
  an 
  

   even 
  greater 
  love 
  of 
  science. 
  Science, 
  indeed, 
  originated 
  with 
  the 
  

   amateur, 
  and 
  until 
  recently 
  he 
  was 
  the 
  chief 
  instrument 
  in 
  its 
  progress. 
  

   Now, 
  however, 
  he 
  is 
  being 
  crowded 
  out, 
  and 
  soon 
  he 
  may 
  be 
  as 
  extinct 
  

   as 
  the 
  dodo. 
  

  

  The 
  administration 
  of 
  scientific 
  inquiry 
  in 
  large 
  units 
  originated 
  in 
  

   the 
  Federal 
  service 
  but 
  has 
  been 
  greatly 
  expanded 
  under 
  private 
  

   auspices. 
  Whatever 
  faults 
  we 
  may 
  find 
  in 
  these 
  colossal 
  public 
  and 
  

   private 
  institutions, 
  their 
  all-important 
  work 
  in 
  advancing 
  science 
  

   cannot 
  be 
  denied. 
  The 
  mere 
  fact 
  of 
  their 
  great 
  multiplication 
  and 
  

   growth 
  during 
  the 
  last 
  two 
  decades 
  proves 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  meeting 
  a 
  

   public 
  need. 
  This 
  striking 
  departure 
  from 
  the 
  old 
  methods 
  of 
  research 
  

   finds 
  no 
  parallel 
  in 
  the 
  history 
  of 
  science, 
  and 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  its 
  form 
  of 
  

   administration 
  must 
  be 
  sought 
  in 
  the 
  business 
  world. 
  The 
  government 
  

   of 
  these 
  institutions, 
  like 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  corporation, 
  includes 
  a 
  board 
  of 
  

   directors, 
  represented 
  by 
  Congress 
  or 
  by 
  trustees, 
  that 
  approves 
  the 
  

   general 
  plan 
  of 
  operations 
  but 
  leaves 
  details 
  to 
  an 
  executive 
  who 
  may 
  

   or 
  may 
  not 
  have 
  a 
  cabinet 
  of 
  advisors. 
  Though 
  the 
  methods 
  of 
  

   conducting 
  such 
  institutions 
  vary 
  in 
  detail, 
  their 
  basal 
  principle 
  is 
  

  

  