﻿FEB. 
  19, 
  1922 
  brooks: 
  the 
  scientist 
  in 
  the 
  federal 
  service 
  75 
  

  

  higher 
  learning 
  were 
  founded 
  chiefly 
  to 
  meet 
  the 
  needs 
  of 
  her 
  citizens, 
  

   and 
  their 
  influence 
  on 
  Government 
  science 
  has 
  been 
  negligible. 
  Other 
  

   scientific 
  centers, 
  such 
  as 
  Paris, 
  Berlin, 
  and 
  London, 
  have 
  grown 
  up 
  

   under 
  a 
  different 
  environment. 
  In 
  these 
  cities 
  science 
  was 
  fostered 
  

   by 
  old 
  universities 
  and 
  learned 
  societies 
  long 
  before 
  national 
  research 
  

   was 
  begun. 
  In 
  consequence, 
  Government 
  science 
  in 
  Europe 
  has 
  been 
  

   closely 
  coordinated 
  with 
  the 
  great 
  institutions 
  of 
  learning 
  and 
  has 
  

   been 
  molded 
  by 
  their 
  traditions 
  and 
  personnel. 
  The 
  learned 
  societies 
  

   of 
  European 
  countries 
  have 
  also 
  had 
  a 
  strong 
  influence 
  on 
  Govern- 
  

   mental 
  science. 
  In 
  contrast 
  to 
  this. 
  Federal 
  science 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  

   States 
  has 
  been 
  developed 
  without 
  academic 
  traditions 
  or 
  without 
  

   close 
  affiliation 
  with 
  university 
  investigators 
  and 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  little 
  

   influenced 
  by 
  learned 
  societies. 
  The 
  National 
  Academy 
  of 
  Science, 
  

   founded 
  half 
  a 
  century 
  after 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  Federal 
  research, 
  though 
  

   charged 
  by 
  law 
  with 
  advisory 
  duties 
  to 
  the 
  Government, 
  has 
  only 
  

   occasionally 
  been 
  called 
  into 
  consultation. 
  Indeed, 
  before 
  the 
  war 
  

   the 
  Academy 
  as 
  a 
  body 
  was 
  often 
  out 
  of 
  direct 
  touch 
  and 
  apparently 
  

   somewhat 
  out 
  of 
  sympathy 
  with 
  scientific 
  work 
  in 
  Washington. 
  Now 
  

   that 
  it 
  has 
  undertaken 
  the 
  difficult 
  task 
  of 
  coordinating 
  research 
  

   throughout 
  the 
  land, 
  it 
  has 
  come 
  closer 
  to 
  the 
  Federal 
  investigator.. 
  

   The 
  influence 
  of 
  the 
  National 
  Academy 
  in 
  the 
  past, 
  however, 
  has 
  been 
  

   very 
  different 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  ITnstitut 
  de 
  France 
  and 
  the 
  Royal 
  Society 
  

   of 
  Great 
  Britain. 
  

  

  Federal 
  science 
  has 
  developed 
  its 
  own 
  traditions, 
  set 
  its 
  own 
  stand- 
  

   ards, 
  and 
  followed 
  its 
  own 
  self-chosen 
  paths. 
  It 
  may 
  not 
  be 
  denied 
  

   that 
  this 
  freedom 
  from 
  academic 
  tradition 
  has 
  made 
  for 
  an 
  independence 
  

   of 
  thought 
  that 
  is 
  not 
  without 
  value. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  well 
  

   that 
  the 
  contact 
  between 
  Federal 
  and 
  university 
  science 
  is 
  less 
  close 
  

   than 
  it 
  was 
  a 
  generation 
  ago. 
  The 
  Federal 
  bureaus 
  are 
  sometimes 
  

   too 
  prone 
  to 
  regard 
  the 
  universities 
  only 
  as 
  training 
  schools. 
  On 
  

   the 
  other 
  hand, 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  universities, 
  not 
  clearly 
  understanding 
  

   the 
  purpose 
  of 
  the 
  Federal 
  service, 
  are 
  overcritical 
  of 
  its 
  results 
  in 
  

   part, 
  no 
  doubt, 
  because 
  these 
  do 
  not 
  always 
  meet 
  the 
  special 
  needs- 
  

   of 
  the 
  teacher. 
  

  

  Another 
  dominating 
  feature 
  of 
  Washington 
  science 
  is 
  its 
  exclusively 
  

   professional 
  character. 
  Most 
  Federal 
  investigators 
  devote 
  their 
  

   entire 
  time 
  to 
  science 
  and 
  find 
  their 
  social 
  life 
  among 
  their 
  professional 
  

   colleagues. 
  It 
  is 
  science 
  morning, 
  noon, 
  and 
  night, 
  with 
  but 
  few 
  other 
  

   intellectual 
  interests. 
  In 
  contrast 
  to 
  this, 
  the 
  university 
  scientist 
  

   divides 
  his 
  time 
  between 
  teaching 
  and 
  research, 
  and 
  the 
  vast 
  majority 
  

  

  