﻿142 
  JOURNAL 
  OF 
  THB 
  WASHINGTON 
  ACADEMY 
  OF 
  SCIENCES 
  VOL. 
  12, 
  NO. 
  6 
  

  

  perceived 
  organism, 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  immediately 
  follow 
  the 
  dictates 
  of 
  

   his 
  feelings. 
  This 
  demand, 
  that 
  physics 
  should 
  conceive 
  a 
  universe 
  

   which 
  is 
  independent 
  for 
  its 
  properties 
  of 
  any 
  particular 
  observer, 
  has 
  

   been 
  implicitly 
  observed 
  by 
  all 
  physical 
  thinkers 
  down 
  to 
  very 
  recent 
  

   times. 
  Its 
  actual 
  consequences 
  have 
  been 
  precisely 
  that 
  narrowing 
  

   of 
  the 
  domain 
  of 
  physics 
  within 
  experience 
  to 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  adverted. 
  

   The 
  end 
  result, 
  as 
  it 
  appears 
  in 
  the 
  Einstein 
  theory 
  of 
  relativity, 
  

   seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  the 
  complete 
  elimination 
  of 
  the 
  direct 
  data 
  of 
  

   experience 
  from 
  the 
  domain 
  of 
  physics 
  and 
  consequently 
  a 
  reduction 
  

   to 
  an 
  irreconcilable 
  contradiction, 
  of 
  the 
  respective 
  demands 
  that 
  

   physics 
  should 
  be 
  strictly 
  empirical 
  and 
  yet 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  should 
  

   describe 
  a 
  universe 
  which 
  is 
  independent 
  of 
  any 
  given 
  experience. 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  step 
  in 
  the 
  gradual 
  reduction 
  of 
  the 
  physicist's 
  domain 
  

   within 
  experience 
  involved 
  the 
  accumulation 
  of 
  a 
  long 
  list 
  of 
  so-called 
  

   secondary 
  qualities 
  which 
  constitute 
  what 
  the 
  psychologists 
  now 
  re- 
  

   gard 
  as 
  external 
  sensations. 
  The 
  qualities 
  which 
  headed 
  this 
  list 
  

   were 
  naturally 
  those 
  which 
  bore 
  the 
  greatest 
  similarity 
  to 
  the 
  internal 
  

   feelings 
  which 
  were 
  the 
  initial 
  subject 
  matter 
  of 
  mental 
  science. 
  Under 
  

   critical 
  examination 
  we 
  find 
  that 
  the 
  external 
  and 
  internal 
  qualities 
  

   are 
  not 
  so 
  very 
  different 
  after 
  all 
  so 
  that 
  they 
  can 
  be 
  arranged 
  into 
  

   a 
  nearly 
  continuous 
  series 
  in 
  order 
  of 
  their 
  projicient 
  character. 
  Chem- 
  

   istry 
  at 
  an 
  early 
  date 
  eliminated 
  qualities 
  of 
  taste 
  and 
  smell 
  from 
  its 
  

   catalog 
  of 
  supposedly 
  actual 
  properties 
  of 
  specific 
  material 
  substances, 
  

   regarding 
  the 
  gustatory 
  and 
  olfactory 
  characteristics 
  as 
  being 
  merely 
  

   psychological 
  tests 
  indicative 
  of 
  certain 
  molecular 
  forms 
  of 
  consti- 
  

   tution. 
  The 
  theory 
  of 
  heat 
  soon 
  became 
  inconsistent 
  with 
  the 
  exis- 
  

   tence 
  of 
  two 
  qualitatively 
  opposed 
  thermal 
  elements 
  corresponding 
  

   with 
  our 
  experiences 
  of 
  cold 
  and 
  of 
  heat, 
  respectively, 
  so 
  that 
  these 
  

   two 
  distinctive 
  constituents 
  of 
  immediate 
  experience 
  had 
  also 
  to 
  be 
  

   banished 
  from 
  the 
  domain 
  of 
  physics. 
  The 
  earlier 
  physicists 
  regarded 
  

   color 
  as 
  an 
  objective 
  property 
  of 
  light 
  or 
  of 
  bodies, 
  but 
  with 
  Newton 
  

   we 
  find 
  color 
  being 
  treated 
  as 
  a 
  sensation, 
  or 
  as 
  something 
  produced 
  

   by 
  the 
  organism 
  under 
  the 
  influence 
  of 
  light, 
  which 
  latter 
  in 
  itself 
  

   is 
  not 
  colored, 
  being 
  not 
  even 
  white 
  or 
  black. 
  With 
  the 
  introduction 
  

   of 
  the 
  wave 
  theory 
  of 
  radiation, 
  color 
  necessarily 
  and 
  permanently 
  

   lost 
  its 
  position 
  as 
  a 
  subject 
  matter 
  of 
  physical 
  science, 
  and 
  was 
  

   relegated 
  to 
  psychology. 
  The 
  wave 
  theory 
  of 
  sound 
  did 
  a 
  similar 
  

   thing 
  for 
  auditory 
  qualities 
  of 
  pitch 
  and 
  noise. 
  In 
  Helmholtz's 
  

   two 
  great 
  works 
  dealing, 
  respectively, 
  with 
  physiological 
  optics 
  and 
  

  

  